Vitamin D: Not Just Bone Metabolism but a Key Player in Cardiovascular Diseases

Izzo, Marcello; Carrizzo, Albino; Izzo, Carmine; Cappello, Enrico; Cecere, Domenico; Ciccarelli, Michele; Iannece, Patrizia; Damato, Antonio L.; Vecchione, Carmine; Pompeo, Francesco

doi:10.3390/life11050452

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 188 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, its classical function is to regulate calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and enhance bone development. Various studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency leads to a variety of clinical disorders such as rickets, fractures, diabetes, asthma, and cardiovascular disease [ 1 – 3 ]. Vitamin D exists in the body mainly in the form of vitamin D 2 and vitamin D 3 , both of which are converted to 25(OH)D in the liver via blood circulation and then to 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D via the kidneys [ 4 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

The establishment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D reference intervals in children aged 0–14 years in Zigong area, China

Huang

2021

J Physiol Anthropol

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Objective To establish the reference interval of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in apparently healthy children in Zigong, China, using an indirect method to provide a basis for proper clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 1851 apparently healthy children of the Children’s Health Care Department in Zigong First People’s Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were included in the study. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to analyze the data for normality, and the non-normally distributed data were transformed into approximately normal distribution by Blom's normal rank transformation, and the transformed data were excluded from outliers by the quartile spacing method, and the data were stratified and analyzed according to sex, age, and season. The data were stratified according to sex, age, and season, and the area between the 2.5% and 97.5% percentile points was used as the reference interval. Results The serum 25(OH)D data were non-normally distributed. The data were normally distributed after Blom’s normality rank transformation, and 92 cases of outliers were excluded from the transformed data according to the interquartile spacing method. The differences in serum 25(OH)D levels between sex were not statistically significant (P > 0.05), and there was no need to establish reference intervals based on sex. There was no statistically significant difference in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between winter and spring, and also no difference between summer and autumn (P > 0.05), and the levels were lower in winter-spring than in summer-autumn. Comparison between age groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference in serum 25(OH)D levels between the < 6 months group and the 6 ~ 11 months group, and between the 6 ~ 9 years group and the 10 ~ 14 years group (P > 0.05); serum 25(OH)D levels decreased with increasing age. There was an interactive effect of season and age group on 25(OH)D levels, and the corresponding reference intervals were established according to different seasons and age groups. In summer and autumn, the reference intervals of serum 25(OH)D for < 1 year, 1 ~ 2 years, 3 ~ 5 years, and 6 ~ 14 years were 39.86 ~ 151.43, 31.54 ~ 131.65, 22.05 ~ 103.75, and 15.36 ~ 85.53 ng/ml and 24.42 ~ 144.20, 31.54 ~ 131.65, 16.80 ~ 165.68, and 15.46 ~ 85.54 ng/ml in winter and spring, respectively. Conclusion Reference intervals for serum 25(OH)D in children of different seasons and ages in Zigong, China, were established to provide a reference for clinical disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis determination.

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confidence: 99%

The establishment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D reference intervals in children aged 0–14 years in Zigong area, China

Huang

2021

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…Taking into account the above-mentioned endocrinological modifications induced by VDD knockout, the altered behavioral responses are difficult to understand. Burne et al and Kalueff et al studied thoroughly the behavioral anomalies caused by the lack of functional VDR in mice and reported an array of neuropsychiatric deficits (e.g., anxiety, neophobia, altered maternal behavior, impaired motor coordination), along with muscle weakness, impaired energy metabolism, and altered cardiac functions [100][101][102][103][104][105][106]. As all these alterations affect the performance of mice in a behavioral test, the VDR knockout model is not suitable to study the impact of calcitriol on cognition.…”

Section: Influence Of Vitamin D3 Deficiency/supplementation On Cognitive Impairment In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Vitamin D in Cognitive Dysfunction: New Molecular Concepts and Discrepancies between Animal and Human Findings

Gáll

Székely

2021

Nutrients

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Purpose of review: increasing evidence suggests that besides the several metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the neuronal effects of 1,25(OH)2D should also be considered an essential contributor to the development of cognition in the early years and its maintenance in aging. The developmental disabilities induced by vitamin D deficiency (VDD) include neurological disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia) characterized by cognitive dysfunction. On the other hand, VDD has frequently been associated with dementia of aging and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease). Recent findings: various cells (i.e., neurons, astrocytes, and microglia) within the central nervous system (CNS) express vitamin D receptors (VDR). Moreover, some of them are capable of synthesizing and catabolizing 1,25(OH)2D via 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) enzymes, respectively. Both 1,25(OH)2D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined from different areas of the brain and their uneven distribution suggests that vitamin D signaling might have a paracrine or autocrine nature in the CNS. Although both cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D pass the blood–brain barrier, the influence of supplementation has not yet demonstrated to have a direct impact on neuronal functions. So, this review summarizes the existing evidence for the action of vitamin D on cognitive function in animal models and humans and discusses the possible pitfalls of therapeutic clinical translation.

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“…This hormone is a negative regulator of the axis of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the increased activity of which leads to the development of arterial hypertension and myocardial hypertrophy [17][18][19]. The relationship between calcitriol deficiency and individual stages of plaque formation and destabilization, as well as documented risk factors for coronary artery disease, has been documented [13,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Differences in Vitamin D Levels between Male Cardiac Patients in Different Stages of Coronary Artery Disease

Brkic

Baumgartner

Riss

et al. 2022

JCM

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Less than 20% of patients with sensorineural hearing loss (HL) provided with the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) experience a progressive HL and warrant cochlear implantation (CI). The aim of this study was to identify possible predictors of progressive HL prior to VSB implantation. This retrospective study included all consecutive ears with sensorineural HL provided with the VSB between 1998 and 2016. The patient cohort was divided in a study group comprising patients who underwent CI (CI group) after years of VSB usage and those who did not require VSB replacement during the observational time (control group). Pre- and postoperative pure-tone audiometry thresholds were compared among the two groups. Fifteen out of 81 VSB devices (18.5%) required a CI. The CI group had higher preoperative air-conduction (AC) thresholds than the control group (64.3 ± 8.9 dB vs. 56.3 ± 12.9 dB; p = 0.007) at the time of the VSB implantation. On average, the CI group was significantly younger (39.1 ± 12.3 years vs. 52.6 ± 16.2 years; p = 0.003). In conclusion, VSB users with higher preoperative AC thresholds and younger age at the time of VSB implantation might be at risk for progressive HL within the upcoming eight years and need a further CI surgery. Preoperative counseling is particularly advisable in this patient group.

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Vitamin D: Not Just Bone Metabolism but a Key Player in Cardiovascular Diseases

Cited by 31 publications

References 188 publications

The establishment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D reference intervals in children aged 0–14 years in Zigong area, China

The establishment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D reference intervals in children aged 0–14 years in Zigong area, China

Role of Vitamin D in Cognitive Dysfunction: New Molecular Concepts and Discrepancies between Animal and Human Findings

Small Differences in Vitamin D Levels between Male Cardiac Patients in Different Stages of Coronary Artery Disease

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