Vitamin D Repletion and AA/EPA Intake in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Influences on Metabolic Status

Savastio, Silvia; Pozzi, Erica; Mancioppi, Valentina; Sola, Valentina Boggio; Carrera, Deborah; Antoniotti, Valentina; Corsetto, Paola Antonia; Montorfano, G.; Rizzo, Angela Maria; Bagnati, Marco; Rabbone, Ivana; Prodam, Flavia

doi:10.3390/nu14214603

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…Finally, the ratio has been studied even in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pediatric population. Results show that a higher EPA/AA ratio is associated to lower insulin demand [ 120 ]. Even though the study involved only 40 participants, this report has relevant implications.…”

Section: Evidence From the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism: An Updated Review

Egalini,

Guardamagna,

Gaggero

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Massive changes have occurred in our diet. A growing consumption of vegetal oils rich in omega-6 (ω-6) and a depletion of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) in our food has led to an imbalance between ω-3 and ω-6. In particular, eicosapentaenoic (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio seems to be an indicator of this derangement, whose reduction is associated to the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Our aim was therefore to investigate the literature on the effects of ω-3 and ω-6 FAs on glucose metabolism. We discussed emerging evidence from pre-clinical studies and from clinical trials. Notably, conflicting results emerged. Source of ω-3, sample size, ethnicity, study duration and food cooking method may be responsible for the lack of univocal results. High EPA/AA ratio seems to be a promising indicator of better glycemic control and reduced inflammation. On the other hand, linoleic acid (LA) appears to be also associated to a minor incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, although it is still not clear if the outcome is related to a reduced production of AA or to its intrinsic effect. More data derived from multicenter, prospective randomized clinical trials are needed.

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Section: Evidence From the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism: An Updated Review

Egalini,

Guardamagna,

Gaggero

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Circulating retinol and 25(OH)D contents and their association with symptoms in children with chronic tic disorders

Wang

Sun

et al. 2023

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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The present study measured serum levels of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin D (VD) in children with chronic tic disorders (CTD) and investigated their potential association with CTD and comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the association of their co-insufficiencies or deficiencies with CTD symptoms. A total of 176 children (131 boys and 45 girls, median age of 9 years) with CTD were recruited as the CTD group. During the same period, 154 healthy children were selected as the healthy control (HC) cohort. Circulating retinol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were measured for all participants using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was employed for the assessment of tic status and CTD impairment. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) and the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) were used to evaluate comorbidity symptoms. CTD pediatric participants exhibited markedly diminished circulating retinol and 25(OH)D levels compared to HCs. Moreover, VA and VD deficiencies and their co-insufficiencies/deficiencies were more prevalent in CTD participants than HCs. Circulating 25(OH)D levels were inversely proportional to the YGTSS motor tic scores. YGTSS scores in CTD children with only VA or VD insufficiency or deficiency or with VA and VD co-insufficiency/deficiency did not differ from those in CTD children with normal VA and VD. CTD children with comorbid ADHD displayed reduced circulating retinol and 25(OH)D concentrations and elevated prevalence of VD deficiency compared to CTD participants without comorbid ADHD. Lower serum retinol content was intricately linked to the presence of elevated CTD and comorbid ADHD. VA and VD deficiencies and their co-insufficiencies/deficiencies were markedly enhanced in CTD pediatric participants compared to HCs. Lower VA concentration was linked to the presence of enhanced CTD and comorbid ADHD. Therefore, children with CTD, especially with comorbid ADHD, may be at a higher risk of VA or VD deficiency, which may prompt the clinicians to consider whether blood tests for VA and VD in CTD children would be helpful for clinical care.

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Insights in Nutrition to Optimize Type 1 Diabetes Therapy

Cadario

2024

Nutrients

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Nutrition is an essential part of therapy for type 1 diabetes and is constantly evolving, offering growing opportunities to prevent this disease, slow down its evolution, and mitigate it. An attempt was made to bring together the current state of knowledge. In the path from the preclinical phase of the disease to its clinical onset, there is a phase known as the “honeymoon period” or partial remission, where different possible dietary options for combatting this disease have been presented. The most commonly used dietary models were compared, and the most frequent co-existing pathologies, such as overweight, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, celiac disease, and metabolic instability, were addressed from their nutritional and dietary perspectives to provide clinicians with an updated framework of knowledge and support researchers in further investigations into the topic. Finally, a glimpse into the possible interplay between nutrition and the gut microbiome, food security, and ultra-processed food is provided. It is hoped that clinicians treating people with type 1 diabetes will be provided with further opportunities for the daily management of their patients through personalized nutrition.

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Vitamin D Repletion and AA/EPA Intake in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Influences on Metabolic Status

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism: An Updated Review

The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism: An Updated Review

Circulating retinol and 25(OH)D contents and their association with symptoms in children with chronic tic disorders

Insights in Nutrition to Optimize Type 1 Diabetes Therapy

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