Vitamin D Status is Independently Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to examine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels (an indicator of vitamin D status) are independently associated with insulin resistance (IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Participants with T2DM were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology in Hebei General Hospital according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on basic characteristics and blood parameters were collected. We used the IR index (20/[fasting C-peptide × fasting plasma glucose]) to evaluate IR. Potential confounding factors were selected from comparisons among different IR index groups of quartiles and were adjusted in different models. Results We included 172 subjects (121 men and 51 women) whose mean age was 53.2±10.6 years. Body mass index (BMI), DM course, insulin use, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, fasting C-peptide, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and albumin were differed among different IR-index groups (all P value <0.05). In models 1 and 2, no or some confounding factors were adjusted for, and we found that there was no relationship between 25OHD and the IR index. In model 3, when all confounding factors (DM course, insulin use, BMI, HbA1c, TG, HDL-C, ApoA1, albumin and other bone turnover markers) were adjusted for, the IR index was increased by 5.6% when 25OHD levels increased by 1 ng/mL (odds ratio: 1.056; 95% confidence interval: 1.009, 1.105). Conclusion Vitamin D is independently associated with IR in patients with T2DM.

Clinical, metabolic, and immunological characterisation of adult Ugandan patients with new-onset diabetes and low vitamin D status

“…Several studies in Caucasian and Asian populations have documented an association between low serum vitamin D levels and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance [9][10][11][12]39]. On the contrary, we did not observe any association between vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and markers of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in our study.…”

“…The median (IQR) age, BMI, HbA1c, and vitamin D concentration of the participants was 48 years (39-58), 27 kg/m 2 (23-31), 11% (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) or 96 mmol/mol (67-115), and 24 ng/ml (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), respectively. About 54% of the participants were females.…”

“…In addition to having a significant role in bone and mineral metabolism, vitamin D is also integral in maintaining optimal glucose homeostasis, pancreatic beta-cell function, and an anti-inflammatory milieu [6]. In Caucasian and Asian populations, low vitamin D concentrations have been shown to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, an adverse cardiometabolic and inflammatory profile (increased insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, atherogenic lipid profile, and a pro-inflammatory state), and diabetes complications [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

The Relationship Between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“… 24 , 25 Previous studies have confirmed that vitamin D is independently related to IR in patients with T2DM, but the study applied HOME-IR to reflect insulin resistance. 6 , 26 This article uses a new indicator, the TyG index, to reflect insulin resistance, which may be helpful for future clinical applications. The TyG index is calculated from blood sugar and triglycerides.…”

“… 4 From another perspective, vitamin D is associated with glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and vitamin D levels were negatively related to diabetic complications. 5 Studies further approved that vitamin D is independently associated with insulin resistance (IR) in patients with T2DM, 6 , 7 which may imply that vitamin D is related to the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in patients with T2DM.…”