Vitamin D2 Is as Effective as Vitamin D3 in Maintaining Circulating Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D

Holick, Michael F.; Biancuzzo, Rachael M.; Chen, Thomas; Klein, Ellen; Young, Albert G.; Bibuld, Douglass; Reitz, Richard E.; Salameh, Wael A.; Ameri, Allen; Tannenbaum, Andrew

doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2308

Cited by 667 publications

(501 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

454

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study, we found that sunbathing abroad or in Sweden during the summer had little or no effect on the risk, whereas sun bed users had a significantly reduced risk. The major source of vitamin D is sunlight, which penetrates the skin and converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to 25-hydroxicholecalciferol vitamin D 3 (25-OHVitD) through pre-vitamin D (Holick et al, 2008). Sweden is a Nordic country with a scarcity of sunlight during the winter and therefore many women will develop seasonal vitamin Ddeficiency, with low levels during winter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population-based cohort study on sun habits and endometrial cancer

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: No large cohort study has examined the risk of endometrial cancer in relation to sun exposure. METHODS: A population-based cohort study of 29 508 women who answered a questionnaire in 1990 -92, of whom 24 098 responded to a follow-up enquiry in 2000 -02. They were followed for an average of 15.5 years. RESULTS: Among the 17 822 postmenopausal women included, 166 cases of endometrial cancer were diagnosed. We used a multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusting for age and other selected demographic variables to determine the risk of endometrial cancer. Women using sun beds 43 times per year reduced their hazard risk (HR) by 40% (0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4 -0.9) or by 50% when adjusting for body mass index or physical activity (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 -0.9), and those women who were sunbathing during summer reduced their risk by 20% (HR 0.8 95% CI 0.5 -1.5) compared with women who did not expose themselves to the sun or to artificial sun (i.e., sun beds). CONCLUSION: Exposure to artificial sun by the use of sun beds 43 times per year was associated with a 40% reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer, probably by improving the vitamin D levels during winter.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population-based cohort study on sun habits and endometrial cancer

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ergocalciferol is produced by UV irradiation of the fungal steroid ergosterol and is used in some vitamin D supplements. Although the relative ability of vitamin D 2 to increase vitamin D status (as indicated by serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s25(OH)D)) compared with vitamin D 3 was previously disputed, recent data from Holick et al (13) showed that vitamin D 2 was as effective as vitamin D 3 .…”

Section: Vitamin D Endocrine Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and cardiometabolic health: a review of the evidence

Muldowney

Kiely

2010

Nutr. Res. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cardiometabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of related metabolic abnormalities including abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and increased inflammatory and thrombotic markers, which is linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes, CVD and overall mortality. Several cross-sectional and prospective studies have shown an association between low vitamin D status, as indicated by concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s25(OH)D), and increased prevalence of the MetS and individual CVD risk factors. These epidemiological observations are supported by mechanistic studies but experimental data are limited. The available data from intervention studies are largely confounded as most vitamin D supplementation trials were mainly carried out to explore the role of Ca in CVD and include Ca in the treatment arms. Inadequate consideration of seasonal effects on s25(OH)D concentrations is also a common design flaw in most studies. Further complications arise from shared risk factors such as adiposity and ageing, which predispose individuals to exhibit both a more pronounced risk profile and relatively lower s25(OH)D concentrations. In conclusion, while epidemiological associations are promising and a rationale for low vitamin D status as a potentially modifiable risk factor for CVD is supported by mechanistic data, suitable experimental data from appropriately designed trials are just beginning to emerge. As yet, this body of literature is too immature to draw firm conclusions on the role of vitamin D in CVD prevention. Carefully controlled vitamin D trials in well-described population groups using intervention doses that are titrated against target s25(OH)D concentrations could yield potentially valuable outcomes that may have a positive impact on CVD risk modification.

show abstract

“…The available studies applied various VitD repletion approaches (relating to dose, duration, and route of administration and monitoring of 25(OH)D) and targeted dissimilar ranges of serum 25(OH)D levels. The two forms of nutritional VitD (D 2 , D 3 ) were regarded as equal and interchangeable [50], while recent literature suggests that VitD 3 (cholecalciferol) is more potent than VitD 2 (ergocalciferol) at lowering PTH levels [51][52][53]. Considering the advantages of various VitD analogs, such as low cost, minor risks for hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, and survival benefit on HD population [54], it will be of interest to explore their usefulness, especially to determine whether concurrent use of 25(OH)D with 1,25(OH) 2 D or calcimimetics will provide better outcomes.…”

Section: Unresolved Controversies Surrounding 25(oh)d Administration mentioning

confidence: 99%