Vitamin D3 in High-Quality Cow Milk: An Italian Case Study

Abstract

The quality-labeling category of high-quality (HQ) milk defined by the Italian legislation must comply with specific requirements concerning rigorous breeder management, hygienic controls, fat and protein content, bacterial load, somatic cells, lactic acid content, and non-denatured soluble serum proteins. However, there is no specification for the vitamin D content of HQ milk. Moreover, the data on the vitamin D content of this milk category are very scarce. In the present study, the content of vitamin D3 was evaluated in HQ raw and pasteurized cow milk obtained from Italian cowsheds and supermarkets. The vitamin D3 content varied from not detected (less than 1 µg L−1) to 17.0 ± 2.0 µg L−1 milk and was not related to the milk fat content. These results represent a case study including a significant although not exhaustive part of the contemporary Italian market of HQ milk. It was shown for the first time that HQ raw milk does not necessarily contain more vitamin D3, even though non-expert consumers likely to buy milk labeled as HQ could expect it. The vitamin D3 content in HQ pasteurized whole milk should be reported on the label of the milk package as a best practice of consumer information policy.

Identifikasi Escherichia coli dan Aspergillus sp pada Produk Pasteurisasi Susu Sapi Kemasan

“…2 Al Susu berkual lital s tinggi (HQ) memiliki kal ndungal n lemal k minimum yal ng lebih tinggi dal n hal rus mengal lal mi proses pal steurisal si yal ng lebih hal ti-hal ti, seperti pal steurisal si suhu tinggi dengal n wal ktu singkal t yal itu sekital r 72°C selal mal 15 detik yal ng dal pal t menjal gal kal ndungal n mikronutrien susu. 4 6 Sejal k ditemukal n pertal mal kal li pal dal tal hun 1960-al n, Al flal toksin dilal porkal n mengontal minal si susu sal pi di berbal gal i dunial . 7 Peneliti ingin mengidentifikal si…”

Determination of Coenzyme Q10 Content in Food By-Products and Waste by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detection

“…With a chemical structure of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone, CoQ10 is also known as ubiquinone-10 due to the “ubiquitous” occurrence of this compound in cells [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. CoQ10 is also present in food products but is denatured by thermal processing because it is thermosensitive [ 7 , 8 ].…”

“…Several methods are available in the literature for CoQ10 determination in food matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) [ 8 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], which first consists of analyte extraction with different solvents, followed by the instrumental analysis of the obtained extracts [ 9 ]. These include direct extraction with an ethanol/hexane mixture [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 18 ], supercritical carbon dioxide extraction [ 16 ], accelerated solvent extraction [ 17 ], and extraction by saponification [ 8 ]. Choosing the appropriate analytical method for a given problem must consider the analyst’s needs which must be weighed against the advantages and disadvantages of the available techniques [ 19 ].…”

Effect of UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast supplementation on milk performance and blood chemical profiles in dairy cows

“…The second step occurs predominantly in the kidneys and produces 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1, 25(OH)2D), which is physiologically active [ 10 , 11 ]. The content of vitamin D in milk is strongly influenced by the dietary ration composition of the dairy cows [ 12 ]. But dietary vitamin D interacts with the rumen’s microbial community before reaching the absorption site.…”