Vitamin E as antioxidant in female african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to chronic toxicity of atrazine

Abstract

The present study was planned aiming to investigate the effects of atrazine herbicide exposure on stress biomarkers acetylcholinesterase activity (AchE) and cortisol, oxidative stress responses and the histopathological changes in liver of female Clarias gariepinus and the ameliorative effect of vitamin E supplementation (240mg/kg diet) on the degree of atrazine sublethal toxicity (1.37mg/l) for 6 weeks. Chronic exposure to atrazine revealed a marked inhibition in the activity of AchE. But, significant increase of serum cortisol level was recorded. Moreover, atrazine exposure was associated with a marked induction of oxidative damage in liver tissue as evidenced by increased level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Atrazine exposure also led to a significant increase in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).Furthermore, histopathological examination of the liver of exposed fish showed dilatation and congestion of blood vessels, fatty degeneration, necrosis and pyknotic nuclei of hepatocytes. However, fish fed diet supplemented with vitamin E exhibited protective effect by minimizing the atrazine-induced toxicity, through measured values more or less similar to the control group fish.

Effects of Vitamin E, Selenium and Vitamin C on Various Biomarkers Following Oxidative Stress Caused by Diazinon Exposure in Rainbow Trout

“…Adding vitamin E to the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with long-term exposure to atrazine resulted in decreased SOD levels in the liver tissue. This highlights the similar function of vitamin E and SOD in decreasing free radicals [53]. Vitamin C, on the other hand, can lose one electron and reduce ROS.…”

“…Selenium is also an important part of GPX and is responsible for reducing oxygen free radicals and interrupt lipid oxidation [64]. Using dietary vitamin E reduced lipid peroxidation in liver tissues of female African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) dealing with chronic atrazine exposure [53]. …”

Oxidative stress and hypermethylation induced by exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to complex environmental mixtures of river water from Cubatão do Sul, Brazil

“…The pesticide exposure of animals is known to induce LPO in various tissues and for being responsible for adverse biological effects (Datta et al, 1992). Kadry et al (2012) reported that Clarias gariepinus that were chronically exposed to the pesticide atrazine showed significant increases in liver LPO compared to the negative control. Jin et al (2010) attributed the increase of LPO evidenced by the increase rates of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver observed in Danio rerio to the exposure to 100 mg/L atrazine (Liu et al, 2008;Valavanidis et al, 2006).…”

“…Oxidative stress is induced by several chemical compounds, and these contaminants can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because of the high reactivity of ROS, these compounds can cause oxidative damage to the formation of important molecules and cellular function, causing changes in the antioxidant defense system of the bodies (Hermes-Lima, 2004;Kadry et al, 2012;Lushchak, 2011;Wilhelm Filho, 2007). The occurrence of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms can be verified by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA).…”

Beneficial effects of vitamin E supplementation against the oxidative stress on Cylindrospermopsin-exposed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Moreover, high vitamin E content in tissues would inhibit tissue lipid peroxidation in several fish species (Frigg et al, 1990;Gatta et al, 2000;Huang et al, 2004a,b;Ruff et al, 2002;St ephan et al, 1995). In addition, the powerful modulatory effects of vitamin E was demonstrated against atrazine-induced toxicity in rats (Singh et al, 2011), in the catfish Clarias gariepinus (Kadry et al, 2012), in the freshwater shrimp Palaemonetes argentines (Griboff et al, 2014) and against the geno-and cytotoxicity of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in erythrocytes of O. niloticus (Harabawy and Mosleh, 2014). Recently, Hassaan et al (2014) showed that many cytotoxic and genotoxic alterations induced in O. niloticus by exposure to the fungicide copper oxychloride, were reversed to a great extent with supplementation of vitamin E in diets, in comparison with those exposed to fungicide alone.…”