Vitamin E in aging, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

Since its discovery, vitamin E has been extensively researched by a large number of investigators in an attempt to fully understand its role in a variety of pathophysiological contexts. The vast majority of published work has focused on vitamin E's antioxidant properties, which is why it is well known as a lipophilic antioxidant that protects membranes from being oxidatively damaged by free radicals. However, several lines of investigation have recently revealed that vitamin E has biological roles unrelated to its antioxidant properties. Among these roles, vitamin E has been described as: a regulator of signal transduction, gene expression, and redox sensor. In parallel with the discovery of novels cellular functions of vitamin E, the introduction of the free radical theory of brain aging has propelled a renewed interest in this vitamin. Most of the resulting work has been based on the postulate that, by preventing and/or minimizing the oxidative stress-dependent brain damage, vitamin E could be used as therapeutic approach. In this article, we will consider the existing literature regarding the biological properties of vitamin E and the potential therapeutic and/or preventative roles that this natural dietary factor plays in brain aging, cognition, and Alzheimer's dementia.

EMAS position statement: Diet and health in midlife and beyond

“…Most studies examining the effect of dietary vitamin E intake on cognitive performance have found positive results, especially in populations with low dietary intake [72]. Beyond its antioxidant function, vitamin E may be involved in signal transduction, gene expression and redox sensing [73]. On the contrary, clinical studies investigating the use of vitamin E supplements have not documented any benefit [74].…”

Development of a novel aluminum-free glass ionomer cement based on magnesium/strontium-silicate glasses

“…ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 10 SrO substitution for MgO up to X=0.75. Although the increased liquid/powder mixing ratio may lead to increased setting times of the cements, those are attributed to the relatively slower reaction rate of strontium glasses with poly(acrylic) acid, which is related to the release kinetics of Sr + ions [36].…”

“…In addition, the bioactivity of conventional GICs can be enhanced by incorporation of bioactive particles, such as hydroxyapatite [8] or sol-gel bioglass [9]. However, aluminum release from GICs has been a concern about their application to various surgical fields, Aluminum is recognized as a neurotoxin [10] and causes of some neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease [11][12][13]. GICs containing aluminum have shown toxic responses to bone tissue in animal studies [6,14] and have an adverse effect on bone formation in orthopedic clinical application [15].…”

Amyloidβ-Peptide (1–42)-Induced Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease: Importance in Disease Pathogenesis and Progression

“…Vitamin E, a chain-breaking antioxidant blocks the chain reaction in the mechanism of lipid peroxidation, preventing oxidative stress to neurons (80). However, clinical trials conducted using vitamin E for the most part did not show beneficial effects in AD, which could be due to experimental design (77).…”