Vitamin E prevents exercise-induced DNA damage

Hartmann, Andreas; Am, Niess; Grünert-Fuchs, M.; Poch, Bertram; Speit, Günter

doi:10.1016/0165-7992(95)90035-7

Cited by 154 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…ROS production may also play a role in cell loss during exercise by affecting lymphocyte migration (39). The oxidative stress pathway is further supported by the findings that supplementation with dietary antioxidants protected against exercise-induced apoptosis and DNA damage of human and rodent lymphocytes (17,25). Although we did not measure whole body or cellular respiration in this study, previous work (19) showed that, at the same exercise workload in C57BL/6 mice, there was a significant increase in plasma 8-isoprostanes (a biomarker of oxidative stress) immediately after exhaustive treadmill exercise relative to nonexercised animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Adrenalectomy in mice does not prevent loss of intestinal lymphocytes after exercise

Hoffman‐Goetz

Quadrilatero

Boudreau

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Exhaustive exercise is associated with an increase in circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), lymphocyte apoptosis, and a reduction in intestinal lymphocyte number. The present study examined the role of GCs on the numerical changes seen in intestinal lymphocytes after exercise. Female C57BL/6 mice were bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX; n ϭ 18) or given sham surgery (Sham; n ϭ 18) and assigned to one of three exercise conditions: treadmill running (28 m/min, 90 min, 2°slope) and killed immediately or after 24 h recovery, or not exercised and killed immediately after 90-min exposure to the treadmill environment. Lymphocytes were isolated from the intestines with CD45 ϩ cells collected by positive selection using magnetic bead separation columns, and lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry for CD45 ϩ , CD3␣␤ ϩ , CD3␥␦ ϩ , CD8␤ ϩ , CD8␣ ϩ , CD4 ϩ , and NK ϩ phenotypic markers. ADX mice had significantly more intestinal CD45 ϩ leukocytes (P Ͻ 0.05) and CD3␣␤ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.05), CD3␥␦ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.01), CD8␣ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.001), and NK ϩ (P Ͻ 0.05) intestinal lymphocytes than Sham mice. There was a significant effect of exercise condition on total intestinal CD45 ϩ leukocytes (P Ͻ 0.01) and CD3␣␤ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.05), CD8␣ ϩ (P Ͻ 0.001), and CD4 ϩ (P Ͻ 0.05) intestinal lymphocytes, with fewer cells at 24 h postexercise compared with the other treatment conditions. There were no surgical ϫ exercise interaction effects on the CD3 and CD8 phenotype numbers. Plasma corticosterone was virtually nil in ADX mice regardless of exercise condition but was significantly elevated in Sham mice immediately postexercise (P Ͻ 0.001). The data indicate that ADX does not prevent the loss of lymphocytes from the intestinal mucosa 24 h after strenuous exercise and GCs are not directly causal in the leukopenia of exercise. treadmill running; adrenal glands; glucocorticoids NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN that acute exercise is associated with induction of apoptosis or programmed cell death and loss of lymphocytes from blood, thymus, and spleen in humans and laboratory animals (9,20,28,29). Lymphocyte loss and/or apoptosis have been observed in other situations characterized by extreme physiological stress, including burn injury (15), electrical shock (48), and chronic restraint stress (42), and may reflect release of stress hormones, in particular glucocorticoids (GCs). GCs trigger apoptosis in lymphocytes by acting on an intracellular pathway via the mitochondria (2), which results in the accumulation of mitochondrial derived cytochrome c within the cytosol, loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity, externalization of phosphatidylserine at cell membranes, and DNA fragmentation (27,45).The intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are a unique population of T cells that function as a first line of defense against exogenous pathogens, many of which develop independently of the thymus gland [i.e., T cells with the ␥␦ form of the T cell receptor (TCR)] (35). IELs play an important role in protection from epithelial tumor cells through their function a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Adrenalectomy in mice does not prevent loss of intestinal lymphocytes after exercise

Hoffman‐Goetz

Quadrilatero

Boudreau

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…[17] In the present study as Malondialdehyde [MDA] was found to increase after one month of regular exercise training such findings has also been reported several studies. [18,19] Similarly Knater et al [20] reported increase in plasma MDA following extreme endurance. However there are other studies that have found no change in MDA in response to exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Isotonic Exercises on Antioxidant and Free Radical Status in Healthy Adults

Puli¹,

Reddy²,

Khan³

2015

J Cont Med A Dent

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“…These findings suggest that antioxidants are shifted from tissue to plasma during exercise and that insufficient antioxidant defence systems may exist. Supplementation trials have given variable results (Witt et al 1992;Hartmann et al 1995;Packer, 1997;Sumida et al 1997;Kaikkonen et al 1998;Kanter, 1998), but rather than improving performance such intervention may be of importance in the long term, i.e. preventing disease in the long term.…”

Section: Exercise Oxidative Dna Damage and Antioxidant Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to detect DNA damage by free radicals: relation to exercise

Poulsen

Weimann

Loft³

1999

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Abbreviations: EC, electrochemical detection; MS, mass spectrometry; 8-oxodG, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-guanosine Epidemiological investigations repeatedly show decreased morbidity from regular exercise compared with sedentary life. A large number of investigations have demonstrated increased oxidation of important cellular macromolecules, whereas other investigators have found no effects or even signs of lowering of oxidation of macromolecules. In particular, extreme and longduration strenuous exercise appears to lead to deleterious oxidation of cellular macromolecules. The oxidation of DNA is important because the oxidative modifications of DNA bases, particularly the 8-hydroxylation of guanine, are mutagenic and have been implicated in a variety of diseases such as ageing and cancer. The methodologies for further investigation of the relationship between DNA oxidation and exercise are available. The preferred methods rely on HPLC or GC-mass spectrometry; whereas the theoretically-attractive liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry is being developed. Caution should be taken to avoid artifacts because of the six orders of magnitude of difference between oxidized and non-oxidized DNA bases in tissues. The methods can be used to estimate tissue levels, i.e. a local concentration of oxidized DNA, or to estimate the rate of body DNA oxidation by the urinary output of repair products, the latter being a method that is independent of repair. During exercise there appears to be a shifting of dietary-dependent antioxidant, e.g. vitamin C and vitamin E, from muscle to plasma, and an increased oxidation in plasma of these antioxidants. Supplementation trials with antioxidants have not been able to increase exercise performance; however, optimum nutrition with antioxidants and possibly supplementation, could be important in the prevention of diseases in the long term. The pattern from these observations appears to be quite consistent; immediately after exercise, regardless of how intense, there do not appear to be any signs of oxidative damage to DNA. Acute or prolonged moderate exercise does not produce signs of oxidative DNA damage and might even be associated with lowering of the levels of oxidation of tissue DNA; however, after long-duration and intense exercise an increase in oxidative DNA modifications is apparent. We suggest as a hypothesis that the relationship between exercise and health is U-shaped. This hypothesis needs to be tested in detail in order to establish the maximum beneficial exercise level with regard to oxidative DNA modification, and also the level that could be deleterious and might even increase the risk for cancer and other diseases.

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Vitamin E prevents exercise-induced DNA damage

Cited by 154 publications

References 23 publications

Adrenalectomy in mice does not prevent loss of intestinal lymphocytes after exercise

Adrenalectomy in mice does not prevent loss of intestinal lymphocytes after exercise

Effect of Isotonic Exercises on Antioxidant and Free Radical Status in Healthy Adults

Methods to detect DNA damage by free radicals: relation to exercise

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