Vitamin E Supplementation in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Tardive Dyskinesia, and Cataract: Part 2

Pham, David Q.; Plakogiannis, Roda

doi:10.1345/aph.1g271

Cited by 67 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Dose dependent supplementation of vitamin E could offer the neuroprotective effects in AD and PD. Pham and Plakogiannis (2005) [123] have showed that vitamin E enriched food which contains 30IU of α-tocopherol may be beneficial however, they discourage the vitamin E supplement of dose 400IU of α-tocopherol. Dysket et al (2014) [124] showed that mild to moderate AD could be treated with treatment of α-tocopherol.…”

Section: Evidences For the Beneficial Use Of Antioxidants In Neurodegmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pham and Plakogiannis (2005) [123] have showed that vitamin E enriched food which contains 30IU of α-tocopherol may be beneficial however, they discourage the vitamin E supplement of dose 400IU of α-tocopherol. Dysket et al (2014) [124] showed that mild to moderate AD could be treated with treatment of α-tocopherol. Recently Morris et al (2015) [125] have suggested that γ-tocopherol might have beneficial effects in AD pathology in comparison to α-tocopherol.…”

Section: Evidences For the Beneficial Use Of Antioxidants In Neurodegmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidants as a preventive therapeutic option for age related neurodegenerative diseases

Singh

2015

Ther Targets Neurol Dis

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Neurodegenerative diseases: an overview -Neurodegenerative disease term illustrate a range of conditions in which primarily neurons get affected or die. Neurons are the building blocks of the central and peripheral nervous system. Neurons could not reproduce or replace themselves with age therefore, when they get damaged or die they cannot be replaced and lead to specific neurodegenerative disease. Few evidences for the presence of stem cells are reported [1] but still it is not understood whether damaged neuron could regenerate or not. The Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases are the most prevalent age related neurodegenerative diseases of central nervous system involving death of specific neuronal population. The treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases might involve the re-supplementation of specific neuronal population with the help of stem cells but researchers and clinicians did not get noticeable success in this approach yet. Millions of people each year are getting affected by these neurodegenerative diseases and the incidences are increasing further significantly with the extended life expectancy. It has been reported by World Health Organisation (2006) that the number of older people of more than 65 years age are expected to increase to approximately 1 billion in 2030 worldwide. Developing countries like India and China will see the largest increase in numbers of aged persons. Therefore the percentage of aged population in developing countries would increase from 59% to 71% worldwide [2] . Since occurrence of most of the neurodegenerative Advances in our understanding for neurodegenerative mechanisms have increased significantly in last few decades. But still no novel disease modifying therapy has been developed which could prevent the disease progression and drawn our attention towards the development of new alternative therapy. The major obstacle for the development of disease therapy is incomplete knowledge about neurodegenerative mechanisms. Due to the insufficient information about neurodegenerative mechanisms no standard diagnostic tests for the detection of neurodegenerative disease could be develop to date, causes delayed diagnosis and disease worsening. So far the exploratory reports and clinical data have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment and apoptosis as major neurodegenerative mechanisms. Investigations have elicited that once initiated the degeneration of neurons could not be arrested therefore in the scarcity of curative therapy we should approach for the preventive neurodegenerative therapy. Since oxidative stress has noteworthy involvement in neuronal death solely, and in connection to other death pathways therefore, antioxidants as preventive therapeutics might provide beneficial effects in age related neurodegenerative diseases. With this hypothesis in this review we are discussing about the use of antioxidants as a preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Such therapies may work in the preventive phase or in curati...

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Section: Evidences For the Beneficial Use Of Antioxidants In Neurodegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidences For the Beneficial Use Of Antioxidants In Neurodegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants as a preventive therapeutic option for age related neurodegenerative diseases

Singh

2015

Ther Targets Neurol Dis

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“…However, a number of subsequent prospective randomized placebo-controlled interventional trials have failed to verify a consistent benefit [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In 1988, the U.S.…”

Section: Health Implications Of Vitamin Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Function and Health Implications of Vitamin E

Chow¹,

Chow-Johnson²

2013

TONUTRJ

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Superoxide, a key precursor of important reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), may release iron from its protein complex. By mediating the generation and/level of superoxide, vitamin E, the most important fat-soluble antioxidant and free radical scavenger, may exert its antioxidant function by limiting the formation of reactive hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite. The antioxidant function of vitamin E is augmented by GSH peroxidase and related metabolic systems which respond adaptively and compensatively to oxidative stress. By mediating the levels of ROS/RNS, vitamin E may also modulate the activation and/or expression of redox-sensitive biological response modifiers, and thereby attenuate the cellular events leading to the onset and development of aging and other degenerative disorders. Earlier epidemiological data and retrospective studies show an association between increased intake of vitamin E and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other disorders. However, subsequent prospective randomized placebo-controlled studies and interventional trials have provided inconsistent findings. Data available from recent large-scale interventional trials suggest that vitamin E supplements at high doses are not beneficial.Keywords: Vitamin E, tocopherols, superoxide, biological function, health benefit. INTRODUCTIONVitamin E is referred to all tocol (tocopherol) and tocotrienol derivatives qualitatively exhibiting the biological activity of RRR-α-tocopherol. There are four tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-and δ-) and four tocotrienols (α-, β-, γ-and δ-) that occur naturally, differing in the number and position of methyl groups on the chroman ring [1,2]. Vitamin E was discovered 90 years ago, and a number of species-dependent and organ-specific deficiency symptoms of vitamin E were reported later [3,4]. However, due to the lack of clinically defined deficient syndromes attributable to vitamin E and the difficult to produce vitamin E deficiency in adults, its essentiality for humans was established only after the discovery of α-tocopherol transfer protein decades later [2,[5][6][7][8]. The transfer protein binds RRR-α-tocopherol preferentially over other forms/isomers of tocopherols, and enhances its transfer and return to the liver. The presence of α-tocopherol transfer protein is largely responsible for higher biological activity of RRR-α-form than other forms/isomers.

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“…At present, there is no substantial evidence that Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia such as mild cognitive impairment, as well as Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions can be successfully prevented to any extent by the supplementation with vitamin E or other antioxidants [95][96][97][98]. In Alzheimer's disease patients, both preclinical evidence [99,100] and small clinical studies [101] suggested the premise for a therapeutic perspective that needs, however, further substantiation.…”

Section: Neurodegenerative and Other Neurological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Alzheimer's disease patients, both preclinical evidence [99,100] and small clinical studies [101] suggested the premise for a therapeutic perspective that needs, however, further substantiation. Idiopathic neurological disorders associated with symptoms resembling those of AVED should be further investigated at the clinical level and could be considered at least in certain cases for a symptomatic first-approach treatment with vitamin E. These may include some forms of inherited ataxias [102], and patients with tardive dyskinesia have been proposed as candidate population that may benefit of such a prophylactic treatment [96]. Some symptoms in rare neurodegenerative conditions such as familial dysautonomia seem to be positively affected by tocotrienol supplementation [103], and vitamin E supplementation is recommended in secondary neurological disturbance that may rise over the long-term as a consequence of vitamin E deficiency in gastrectomy patients [104].…”

Section: Neurodegenerative and Other Neurological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present trends in vitamin E research

2010

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Abstract.Nearly after one century of research and thousands of publications, the physiological function(s) of vitamin E remain unclear. Available evidence suggests a role in cell homeostasis that occurs through the modulation of specific signaling pathways and genes involved in proliferative, metabolic, inflammatory, and antioxidant pathways. Vitamin E presence in the human body is under close metabolic control so that only a-tocopherol and, to a lower extent, c-tocopherol are retained and delivered to tissues. Other vitamin E forms that are not retained in the body in significant amounts, exhibit responses in vitro that are different form those of a-tocopherol and may include tumor cell specific toxicity and apoptosis. These responses provide a therapeutic potential for these minor forms, either as such or metabolically modified, to produce bioactive metabolites. These cellular effects go beyond the properties of lipophilic antioxidant attributed to a-tocopherol particularly investigated for its alleged protective role in atherosclerosis or other oxidative stress conditions. Understanding signaling and gene expression effects of vitamin E could help assign a physiological role to this vitamin, which will be discussed in this review. Besides vitamin E signaling, attention will be given to tocotrienols as one of the emerging topics in vitamin E research and a critical re-examination of the most recent clinical trials will be provided together with the potential use of vitamin E in disease prevention and therapy.

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Vitamin E Supplementation in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Tardive Dyskinesia, and Cataract: Part 2

Abstract: We encourage patients to supplement with vitamin E-rich foods. The use of a daily multivitamin, which usually contains 30 IU of alpha-tocopherol, may be beneficial; however, we discourage individual vitamin E supplements that usually contain 400 IU of alpha-tocopherol.

Cited by 67 publications

References 68 publications

Antioxidants as a preventive therapeutic option for age related neurodegenerative diseases

Antioxidants as a preventive therapeutic option for age related neurodegenerative diseases

Antioxidant Function and Health Implications of Vitamin E

Present trends in vitamin E research

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