Vitamin Supplementation Protects against Nanomaterial-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Damages: A Meta-Analysis of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Abstract

The extensive applications of nanomaterials have increased their toxicities to human health. As a commonly recommended health care product, vitamins have been reported to exert protective roles against nanomaterial-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, there have been some controversial conclusions in regards to this field of research. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the roles and mechanisms of vitamins for cells and animals exposed to nanomaterials. Nineteen studies (seven in vitro, eleven in vivo and one in both) were enrolled by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. STATA 15.0 software analysis showed vitamin E treatment could significantly decrease the levels of oxidants [reactive oxygen species (ROS), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA)], increase anti-oxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx), suppress inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, IgE), improve cytotoxicity (manifested by an increase in cell viability and a decrease in pro-apoptotic caspase-3 activity), and genotoxicity (represented by a reduction in the tail length). These results were less changed after subgroup analyses. Pooled analysis of in vitro studies indicated vitamin C increased cell viability and decreased ROS levels, but its anti-oxidant potential was not observed in the meta-analysis of in vivo studies. Vitamin A could decrease MDA, TOS and increase GPx, but its effects on these indicators were weaker than vitamin E. Also, the combination of vitamin A with vitamin E did not provide greater anti-oxidant effects than vitamin E alone. In summary, we suggest vitamin E alone supplementation may be a cost-effective option to prevent nanomaterial-induced injuries.

The interactive effect of seven weeks aerobic exercise training and piperine against paraquat-induced lung damage in male Wistar rats: Investigating role of oxidative and inflammatory indices

“…Vitamin E also mitigated inflammation through decreasing NF-κB while propagating IL-4, and Nrf2 expression levels in rats [ 35 ]. Furthermore, meta-analysis research evaluating in vitro and in vivo evidence emphasized that vitamin E meaningfully diminished oxidative stress (ROS and MDA) as well as markers of inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, and C-reactive protein) while elevating anti-oxidative markers (GPx) in nanomaterial-induced oxidative stress and inflammation [ 36 ]. Interestingly, we revealed that the effects of piperine and a combination of piperine and exercise training on GSH, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels were significantly greater than vitamin E alone.…”

Antioxidants and Sports Performance

“…Vitamin E supplementation may also be an effective strategy for improving athletic performance and reducing the oxidative stress associated with intense exercise. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, reducing oxidative damage to muscle cells and improving immune function and the regulation of lipid metabolism [ 190 ]. Overall, vitamin E supplementation appears to have a beneficial effect on exercise performance by reducing oxidative stress and muscle damage after exercise [ 13 ].…”

The Preventive Mechanisms of Bioactive Food Compounds against Obesity-Induced Inflammation

“…Bioactive food compounds also include vitamins A [ 60 ], C [ 61 ], and D [ 62 , 63 ] and dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is an element of plant products not digested by human digestive enzymes.…”