Vitamins E and A, and proximate composition of whole mice and rats used as feed

Douglas, Tara C.; Pennino, Marianne; Dierenfeld, Ellen S.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(94)90401-4

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Several reports of vertebrate prey composition have focused mainly on species fed to birds of prey, i.e., rodents and chicks [Bird and Ho, 1976;Douglas et al, 1994;Dierenfeld et al, 1994Dierenfeld et al, , 1996Clum et al, 1996Clum et al, , 1997. A recent report highlighted the dearth of data on reptile and amphibian whole-prey composition [Schairer et al, 1998].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to extraction, all individual animal samples were weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Vitamin extraction was performed according to Douglas et al [1994], following a modification of Taylor et al [1976]. Extracts were reconstituted in ethanol, sealed, and stored at À101C until all extractions were completed (approximately 3 weeks).…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracts were reconstituted in ethanol, sealed, and stored at À101C until all extractions were completed (approximately 3 weeks). Samples were then shipped overnight on dry ice for HPLC analysis at the Wildlife Conservation Society nutrition laboratory, as previously described by Douglas et al [1994]. Vitamin E activity was calculated by summing a-and g-tocopherols, where 1 mg a-tocopherol ¼ 1.1 IU, and 1 mg g-tocopherol ¼ 0.1 IU.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole‐body nutrient composition of various ages of captive‐bred bearded dragons (Pogona vitteceps) and adult wild anoles (Anolis carolinensis)

et al. 2002

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Neonates, 11-day-old, and 17-day-old captive-bred bearded dragons (Pogona vitteceps) and wild-caught adult anoles (Anolis carolinensis) were chemically analyzed to determine the whole-body concentrations of vitamins E and A, crude protein, and minerals. Significant differences (Po0.05) were noted between neonates and older age groups of the bearded dragons for concentrations of all the minerals except calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The neonatal animals generally exhibited lower concentrations of all minerals, except for magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe), than did the older lizards. The concentration of vitamin E was higher, and that of vitamin A was lower in neonates than in older animals. The whole-body concentrations of protein, vitamins A and E, Ca, P, potassium (K), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) differed significantly between the bearded dragons and anoles. Zoo Biol 21: 489-497, 2002. r 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole‐body nutrient composition of various ages of captive‐bred bearded dragons (Pogona vitteceps) and adult wild anoles (Anolis carolinensis)

et al. 2002

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“…Far fewer studies have quantified fat-soluble vitamin concentrations in whole rodents [Douglas et al, 1994;Clum et al, 1996]. Published information suggests that laboratory-reared rodents may contain excessive levels of vitamin A relative to the nutrient requirements of domestic carnivores [Dierenfeld et al, 2002]; however, too few comparative data from free-ranging rodents are available to enable a detailed interpretation of this scanty information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Proximate, vitamins A and E, and mineral composition of free‐ranging cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) from St. Catherines Island, Georgia

2004

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Although rodents are an integral part of numerous carnivore diets, there is little published information regarding nutrient composition in free-ranging mice for comparison with laboratory-reared prey. Cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus, n ¼ 6) were captured on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, and analyzed for water, ash, protein, and fat content (proximate constituents), as well as minerals and the fatsoluble vitamins A and E. The overall body composition (mean7SD: 65.8%71.9% water, 10.9%72.2% ash, 56.4%74.1% protein, and 27.2%73.9% fat) was similar to published values for adult laboratory mice (Mus domesticus). The macro-(Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P) and trace (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) mineral levels were also similar to previously reported values for laboratory mice, and in general met or exceeded the established nutrient requirements for domestic carnivores. Vitamin E ranged from 77 to 170 IU/kg dry matter (DM) in these mice-again, similar to values previously quantified in laboratory mice. However, the vitamin A concentrations (21,94776,893 IU/kg DM) in the free-ranging mice were consistently and substantially lower than values reported for whole laboratory mice. To our knowledge, this is the first quantification of vitamin A in free-ranging mice used as prey by carnivores. While other nutrients measured were similar between captive-reared and free-ranging mice, the current data suggest the need for further investigation of vitamin A nutrition in the development of optimal diets for carnivores in captivity.

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“…Two recent publications (Douglas et al 1994;Clum et al 1996) suggest that the nutrient composition of the diet has a significant impact on the ultimate body composition of the rodent, just as has been documented for numerous livestock species. Although these diets may be suitable for maintaining the species for which they were originally developed, we have unintentionally altered the production goals of those diets, resulting in nutritionally-imbalanced feeds for secondary consumers.…”

Section: Laboratory Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Captive wild animal nutrition: a historical perspective

Dierenfeld

1997

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Proper feeding management of wild animals in captivity incorporates both husbandry skills and applied nutritional sciences. As a basic foundation of animal management, nutrition is integral to longevity, disease prevention, growth and reproduction, yet has received insufficient focus in the zoological community, although somewhat more detailed attention has been paid to free-ranging wildlife, particularly those of economic value to man. The field of nutrition is itself a rather recent scientific discipline. In the nineteenth century the importance of major food constituents such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, and fibre was recognized, and mineral nutrition was receiving much attention. But not until this century has the essentiality of vitamins, fatty acids, amino acids, and many trace elements been demonstrated, with biochemical and molecular characterization of interactions among nutrients still relatively unexplored. Thus, it is not surprising that comparative animal nutrition, focused on zoo and wildlife species, has a relatively short, yet extremely productive and rewarding, history.Noteworthy and rapid developments in animal nutrition are demonstrated by the fact that twenty revisions of Feeds and Feeding, a widely used textbook, were published within the 50-year span following its initial printing in 1898 (Morrison, 1953). Discussions in the earliest editions, of necessity, were based largely on the experience and observations of successful farmers rather than the results of actual experiments. Thus, in the field of wildlife nutrition, qualitative, rather than quantitative, information provided the underlying basis for the development of diets fed to many wildlife species, and studies of food habits have continued as a major percentage of all wildlife nutrition investigations (Robbins, 1993).While detailed natural history documentation of field biologists supplies a written record of foods consumed by many species, such information with no chemical evaluation of dietary constituents, or assessment of utilization, provides only a partial basis for applied feeding programmes. Dietary choices of free-ranging wildlife are complex chemically, temporally, and spatially, and animals use a wide variety of morphological, physiological, and anatomical adaptations to acquire and utilize foodstuffs. Although we can rarely duplicate ingredients of any animal's diet in a captive feeding situation, what we can duplicate, and must focus on, are the nutrients contained within those diets. Wildlife and zoo nutrition are integrally linked; physiological and biochemical components must be considered as critical as ecological and behavioural considerations in meeting the needs of the species under our care.https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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Vitamins E and A, and proximate composition of whole mice and rats used as feed

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Whole‐body nutrient composition of various ages of captive‐bred bearded dragons (Pogona vitteceps) and adult wild anoles (Anolis carolinensis)

Whole‐body nutrient composition of various ages of captive‐bred bearded dragons (Pogona vitteceps) and adult wild anoles (Anolis carolinensis)

Proximate, vitamins A and E, and mineral composition of free‐ranging cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) from St. Catherines Island, Georgia

Captive wild animal nutrition: a historical perspective

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