Whole‐body nutrient composition of various ages of captive‐bred bearded dragons (<i>Pogona vitteceps</i>) and adult wild anoles (<i>Anolis carolinensis</i>)

Cosgrove, Jennifer J.; Beermann, D. H.; Watts, Jennifer; Toddes, Barbara; Dierenfeld, Ellen S.

doi:10.1002/zoo.10055

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, previously published nutritional analyses of whole specimens of several species of Anura, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Lepidoptera and Anolis lizards show that these food items tend to have similar moisture, gross energy, crude fat, protein and fiber values to the WD food items, with some exceptions. For example, crude fat is higher than the WD values in certain moth larvae, wasps and honeybees, and vitamin A and E content are higher in the vertebrate species than in most of the WD food items in this study (Cosgrove et al, ; Dierenfeld et al, ; Oonincx & Dierenfeld, ; Williams, Williams, Kirabo, Chester, & Peterson, ). However, except for wild Anolis lizards, these previous analyses were performed on commercially raised food items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Although no signs of hypervitaminosis A have been observed in captive L. fallax , it is possible that the amount of vitamin A in the CDO at ZSL and JZ including dusted supplements is unnecessarily high and could be reduced. However, the vitamin A content of the true wild diet may be higher than that reported in this study as we did not include wild vertebrate prey items in the nutritional analysis and these food items typically have a high vitamin A content (e.g., 4.88 IU/g in wild adult Anolis lizards) (Cosgrove, Beermann, House, Toddes, & Dierenfeld, ). We did not measure provitamin A carotenoids in this study and it is unknown whether L. fallax can convert carotenoids to vitamin A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Comparison of the nutritional content of the captive and wild diets of the critically endangered mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax) to improve its captive husbandry

et al. 2018

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It is vital to provide appropriate nutrition to maintain healthy populations in conservation breeding programs. Knowledge of the wild diet of a species can be used to inform captive diet formulation. The nutritional content of the wild diet of the critically endangered mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax) is unknown, like that of most amphibians. In this study, we analyzed the nutritional content of food items that comprise 91% of the wild diet of L. fallax, by dry weight of food items, and all food items offered to captive L. fallax at ZSL London Zoo and Jersey Zoo. We subsequently compared the nutritional content of the wild diet and captive diet at ZSL London Zoo consumed by L. fallax. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to directly compare the nutritional content of the wild and captive diets of an anuran amphibian. The captive diet at ZSL London Zoo, without dusting of nutritional supplements, was higher in gross energy and crude fat and lower in ash, calcium and calcium:phosphorus ratio than the wild diet. Most of the food items in the captive diets had a high omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio and in the wild diet had a low omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio. We recommend a combination of modifications to the captive diets to better reflect the nutritional content of the wild diet. Nutritional analysis of captive and wild diets is recommended for other species in conservation breeding programs to improve captive husbandry and ultimately fitness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Comparison of the nutritional content of the captive and wild diets of the critically endangered mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax) to improve its captive husbandry

et al. 2018

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“…; Fidanza and Versilioni , Johnson et al ); acorns ( Quercus sp. ; Nieto et al ); hazelnuts ( Corylus avellana ; Fidanza and Versiglioni ); chestnut ( Castanea sativa ; Borges et al ); mushrooms (De Román et al ); earthworms: mean nutritional composition of three species ( Lumbricus terrestris, Eisenia foetida and Dendrobaena veneta ; Stafford and Tacon ); insects: nutritional composition of Orthoptera (Zwart ); insect larvae (Zwart ); frogs: mean nutritional composition of two species ( Rana clamitans and Rana esculenta ; Schairer et al , Tokur et al ); reptiles: nutritional composition of lizards (Cosgrove et al ); birds: mean nutritional composition of two species ( Turdus merula and Columba livia ; Fidanza and Versilioni ); mammals: mean nutritional composition of mice and rats (Douglas et al ); bird eggs (Fidanza and Versilioni ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional implications of omnivory for dietary nutrient balance

Remonti

Balestrieri

Raubenheimer

et al. 2015

Oikos

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Captive experiments have shown that many species regulate their macronutrient (i.e. protein, lipid and carbohydrate) intake by selecting complementary food types, but the relationships between foraging strategies in the wild and nutrient regulation remain poorly understood. Using the pine marten as a model species, we collated available data from the literature to investigate effects of seasonal and geographic variation in diet on dietary macronutrient balance. Our analysis showed that despite a high variety of foods comprising the diet, typical of a generalist predator, the macronutrient energy ratios of pine martens were limited to a range of 50–55% of protein, 38–42% of lipids and 5–10% of carbohydrates. This broad annual stabilisation of macronutrient ratios was achieved by using alternative animal foods to compensate for the high fluctuation of particular prey items, and sourcing non‐protein energy (carbohydrates and fats) from plant‐derived foods, particularly fruits. Macronutrient balance varied seasonally, with higher carbohydrate intake in summer–autumn, due to opportunistic fruit consumption, and higher protein intake in winter–spring. In terms of their proportional dietary carbohydrate intake the pine marten's nutritional strategy fell between that of true carnivores (e.g. the wolf) and more omnivorous feeders (e.g. the European badger). However, in terms of energy contributed by protein pine martens are equivalent to obligate carnivores such as the wolf and domesticated cat, and different to some omnivorous carnivores such as the domesticated dog and grizzly bears.

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“…Animals often feed on several food sources to balance their nutritional requirements (Jensen et al, 2012;Simpson and Raubenheimer, 2012;Simpson et al, 2004). Even within a single food, the quality and composition of this resource changes over time as the food source ripens, ages, or rots (Cosgrove et al, 2002;Morais et al, 1995;Raubenheimer, 2011;Starmer, 1981)). To pare this nutritional complexity down to manageable size, Raubenheimer, Simpson, and co-authors developed the geometric framework for nutrition (Cheng et al, 2008;Simpson and Raubenheimer, 1993Simpson et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Drosophila melanogaster larvae make nutritional choices that minimize developmental time

Rodrigues

Martins

Balance

et al. 2015

Journal of Insect Physiology

122

136

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Organisms from slime moulds to humans carefully regulate their macronutrient intake to optimize a wide range of life history characters including survival, stress resistance, and reproductive success. However, life history characters often differ in their response to nutrition, forcing organisms to make foraging decisions while balancing the trade-offs between these effects. To date, we have a limited understanding of how the nutritional environment shapes the relationship between life history characters and foraging decisions. To gain insight into the problem, we used a geometric framework for nutrition to assess how the protein and carbohydrate content of the larval diet affected key life history traits in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. In no-choice assays, survival from egg to pupae, female and male body size, and ovariole number - a proxy for female fecundity - were maximized at the highest protein to carbohydrate (P:C) ratio (1.5:1). In contrast, development time was minimized at intermediate P:C ratios, around 1:2. Next, we subjected larvae to two-choice tests to determine how they regulated their protein and carbohydrate intake in relation to these life history traits. Our results show that larvae targeted their consumption to P:C ratios that minimized development time. Finally, we examined whether adult females also chose to lay their eggs in the P:C ratios that minimized developmental time. Using a three-choice assay, we found that adult females preferentially laid their eggs in food P:C ratios that were suboptimal for all larval life history traits. Our results demonstrate that D. melanogaster larvae make foraging decisions that trade-off developmental time with body size, ovariole number, and survival. In addition, adult females make oviposition decisions that do not appear to benefit the larvae. We propose that these decisions may reflect the living nature of the larval nutritional environment in rotting fruit. These studies illustrate the interaction between the nutritional environment, life history traits, and foraging choices in D. melanogaster, and lend insight into the ecology of their foraging decisions.

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Whole‐body nutrient composition of various ages of captive‐bred bearded dragons (Pogona vitteceps) and adult wild anoles (Anolis carolinensis)

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of the nutritional content of the captive and wild diets of the critically endangered mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax) to improve its captive husbandry

Comparison of the nutritional content of the captive and wild diets of the critically endangered mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax) to improve its captive husbandry

Functional implications of omnivory for dietary nutrient balance

Drosophila melanogaster larvae make nutritional choices that minimize developmental time

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