Vitellogenin is a cidal factor capable of killing bacteria via interaction with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid

Li, Zhaojie; Zhang, Shicui; Zhang, Jun; Liu, Min; Liu, Zhenhui

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.006

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…On the other hand, in the top 50 expressed transcripts in the male liver, there were only 12 ribosomal protein genes, indicating a strong translational activity in female livers. It is also interesting to note that three vitellogenin transcripts ( vtg1, vtg4, vtg5 ) also appeared in the top 50 list, implying potentially yolk-unrelated functions of vitellogenins, such as lipid transportation [35] and anti-microbes [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analyses of Sexual Dimorphism of the Zebrafish Liver and the Effect of Sex Hormones

Zheng

Lam

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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The liver is one of the most sex-dimorphic organs in both oviparous and viviparous animals. In order to understand the molecular basis of the difference between male and female livers, high-throughput RNA-SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) sequencing was performed for zebrafish livers of both sexes and their transcriptomes were compared. Both sexes had abundantly expressed genes involved in translation, coagulation and lipid metabolism, consistent with the general function of the liver. For sex-biased transcripts, from in addition to the high enrichment of vitellogenin transcripts in spawning female livers, which constituted nearly 80% of total mRNA, it is apparent that the female-biased genes were mostly involved in ribosome/translation, estrogen pathway, lipid transport, etc, while the male-biased genes were enriched for oxidation reduction, carbohydrate metabolism, coagulation, protein transport and localization, etc. Sexual dimorphism on xenobiotic metabolism and anti-oxidation was also noted and it is likely that retinol x receptor (RXR) and liver x receptor (LXR) play central roles in regulating the sexual differences of lipid and cholesterol metabolisms. Consistent with high ribosomal/translational activities in the female liver, female-biased genes were significantly regulated by two important transcription factors, Myc and Mycn. In contrast, Male livers showed activation of transcription factors Ppargc1b, Hnf4a, and Stat4, which regulate lipid and glucose metabolisms and various cellular activities. The transcriptomic responses to sex hormones, 17β-estradiol (E2) or 11-keto testosterone (KT11), were also investigated in both male and female livers and we found that female livers were relatively insensitive to sex hormone disturbance, while the male livers were readily affected. E2 feminized male liver by up-regulating female-biased transcripts and down-regulating male-biased transcripts. The information obtained in this study provides comprehensive insights into the sexual dimorphism of zebrafish liver transcriptome and will facilitate further development of the zebrafish as a human liver disease model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analyses of Sexual Dimorphism of the Zebrafish Liver and the Effect of Sex Hormones

Zheng

Lam

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Vitellogenin displays various functions in workers, drones, and queens (7,11,66). It is processed in the nurse hypopharyngeal glands to produce royal jelly polypeptides (3) and seems to play essential roles in bee immunity (5,43) and in bee ageing (53,55). It has been shown that the vitellogenin content of worker bees starts at a high level in autumn and decreases during winter (23) and that its synthesis is higher in nurse bees than in winter bees since the former have to produce jelly to feed the brood (52).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dead or Alive: Deformed Wing Virus and Varroa destructor Reduce the Life Span of Winter Honeybees

Dainat

Evans²,

Chen³

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

312

269

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Elevated winter losses of managed honeybee colonies are a major concern, but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Among the suspects are the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, the microsporidian Nosema ceranae, and associated viruses. Here we hypothesize that pathogens reduce the life expectancy of winter bees, thereby constituting a proximate mechanism for colony losses. A monitoring of colonies was performed over 6 months in Switzerland from summer 2007 to winter 2007/2008. Individual dead workers were collected daily and quantitatively analyzed for deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), N. ceranae, and expression levels of the vitellogenin gene as a biomarker for honeybee longevity. Workers from colonies that failed to survive winter had a reduced life span beginning in late fall, were more likely to be infected with DWV, and had higher DWV loads. Colony levels of infection with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and individual infections with DWV were also associated with reduced honeybee life expectancy. In sharp contrast, the level of N. ceranae infection was not correlated with longevity. In addition, vitellogenin gene expression was significantly positively correlated with ABPV and N. ceranae loads. The findings strongly suggest that V. destructor and DWV (but neither N. ceranae nor ABPV) reduce the life span of winter bees, thereby constituting a parsimonious possible mechanism for honeybee colony losses.

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“…Interestingly, as a major component of yolk proteins, chicken Pv has been shown to be able to inhibit the growth of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (29) via chelating ions through its numerous phosphorylated serine residues (30,31). In addition, vitellogenin, the precursor of Pv, has also been revealed to be an antimicrobial agent involved in immune defense in fish (32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Similarly, mosquito vitellogenin has recently been shown to be able to interfere with the anti-Plasmodium response in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae (37).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phosvitin Plays a Critical Role in the Immunity of Zebrafish Embryos via Acting as a Pattern Recognition Receptor and an Antimicrobial Effector

Wang

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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How fish embryos that develop externally survive microbial attacks is poorly understood. Here, we clearly demonstrated that the embryo extract of zebrafish and its early embryo both displayed antimicrobial activity against microbes, including pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, and phosvitin (Pv), a nutritional protein abundant in eggs, was related to this antimicrobial activity. We also showed that recombinant Pv (rPv) acted as a pattern recognition receptor capable of recognizing the microbial signature molecules LPS, lipoteichoic acid, and peptidoglycan, as well as binding the Gram-negative and -positive microbes Escherichia coli, A. hydrophila, and Staphylococcus aureus and functioned as an antimicrobial agent capable of killing the microbes. Furthermore, we revealed that its C-terminal 55 residues (Pt5) with the functional sites Arg 242 and Ala 201 / Ile 203 were indispensable for Pv antimicrobial activity. Importantly, microinjection of rPv or Pt5 into early embryos significantly enhanced their resistance to A. hydrophila challenge, and this enhanced bacterial resistance was markedly reduced by coinjection of anti-Pv antibody plus rPv (or Pt5) but not by injection of anti-actin antibody plus rPv. Moreover, the generated mutants with in vitro antimicrobial activity, when injected into the embryos, could also promote their resistance to A. hydrophila, but those without in vitro antimicrobial activity could not. It is thus proposed that Pv participates in the protection of early embryos against pathogenic attacks via binding and disrupting potential pathogens. This work also opens a new way for the study of the immunological roles of yolk proteins in oviparous animals that rely on yolk proteins for embryonic development.

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Vitellogenin is a cidal factor capable of killing bacteria via interaction with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Transcriptomic Analyses of Sexual Dimorphism of the Zebrafish Liver and the Effect of Sex Hormones

Transcriptomic Analyses of Sexual Dimorphism of the Zebrafish Liver and the Effect of Sex Hormones

Dead or Alive: Deformed Wing Virus and Varroa destructor Reduce the Life Span of Winter Honeybees

Phosvitin Plays a Critical Role in the Immunity of Zebrafish Embryos via Acting as a Pattern Recognition Receptor and an Antimicrobial Effector

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