VNRs: Is the News Audience Deceived?

The co-production of business news and its effects: The corporate framing mediated-moderation model

“…Groups with few opinions and little knowledge can adopt a negative view of a corporation (Garrett Cline & Masel-Waters, 1984). The ways in which corporate messages are presented also have an effect, e.g., showing content faces in business news with a positive emotional tone increases trustworthiness (Ravaja, Kallinen, Saari, & Keltikangas-Jarvinen, 2004), and the ways in which video news releases are presented also have an effect (Wood, Nelson, Atkinson, & Lane, 2008;Broaddus, Harmon, & Mounts, 2011;Reese and Cameron, 1992). Using the 'death' metaphor in business news has the effect of shifting blame for poor economy conditions to actors other than business leaders (Williams, Davidson, & Yochim, 2011).…”

“…Empirical studies used in the literature study (n = 217). Ahonen (2009), Allen and Savigny (2012), Alfonso and Miguel (2006), Amujo et al (2013), Anderson (2001), Anderson (2004), Andsager and Smiley (2015), Aronoff (1975), Aronoff (1976), Avery et al (2010), Backer (2001), Bae and Park (2011), Bajkiewicz et al (2011), Belz et al (1984), Belz et al (1989), Berger (2001), Berkowitz and Lee (2004), Binderkrantz (2011), Bishop (1988, Broaddus et al (2011), Brody (1984), Brummette (2012), Callison (2001), Callison (2003), Callison and Zillmann (2002), Callison and Seltzer (2010), Cameron (1994), Capriotti (2009), Carretta et al (2011), Carroll (2010), Celebi (2007), Chen et al (2012), Cho and Cameron (2007), Choia and Park (2011), Clavier and Kalupa (1983), Colapinto (2009), Comrie (1997), Cuellar-Fernández et al (2010), Curtin (1999), Curtin and Rhodenbaugh (2001), Danielian and Page (1994), Darmona et al (2008), Davis (2000)...…”

Fake News? A Survey on Video News Releases and their Implications on Journalistic Ethics, Independence and Credibility of Broadcast News

“…Critics of VNR use are concerned that it may jeopardize the profession and how the general public views journalists, and their ethics, integrity, independence, and credibility (Aiello & Proffitt, 2008;Broaddus, Harmon & Mounts, 2011;Connolly-Ahern, Grantham & Cabrera-Baukus, 2010;Lewis & Zhong, 2013). These concepts are the foundations of the profession and what its founders, watchdog groups, and aspiring journalists purport the profession to be at its highest levels.…”

International Public Relations and Public Diplomacy

“…Similarly, Tewksbury, Jensen and Coe (2011) found that while support for content labeling was strong, exposure to labeling did not increase the perceived bias of news stories. Broaddus, Harmon and Mounts (2012) did find in an Internet-based survey that viewers were only able to identify VNRs correctly about half of the time, thinking they were produced by news organizations. However, that study did not include measures of credibility toward the news organizations, news stories, or products and services featured.…”