Voice onset time differences between adult males and females: Isolated syllables

Morris, Richard J.; McCrea, Christopher R.; Herring, Kaileen D.

doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2007.06.003

Cited by 81 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Higher centroid values were obtained for female than male talkers, consistent with Jongman et al (2000); for the stop voicing contrast, gender effects just failed to reach significance; this is consistent with findings of Ryalls et al (1997) and Morris et al, (2008) although a gender effect had been found by Whiteside & Irving (1998). Children aged 11-14 produced /s/ with higher centroids than adults, but values for /ƌ/ did not differ across groups.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Productionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The impact of variation in phoneme category structure on consonant intelligibility

Hazan

Romeo

Pettinato

2013

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

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] suggested that phoneme identification accuracy and speed for a given talker was affected by the degree of variability in their production of phoneme categories. This study investigates how intra-talker variability in the production of two phoneme contrasts varies with age and gender, and how this variability affects perception. Multiple iterations of tokens differing in initial consonants (/s/-/∫/, /p/-/b/) were collected via picture elicitation from 40 adults and 31 children aged 11 to 14; measures of within-category dispersion, between-category distance, overlap and discriminability were obtained. While females produced more discriminable categories than males, children produced farther yet more dispersed -and thus similarly discriminable -categories than adults. Variability was contrast-specific rather than a general talker characteristic. Tokens with initial /s/-/∫/ from pairs of adult and child talkers varying in betweencategory distance or overlap were presented for identification. The presence of overlap had a greater effect on identification accuracy and speed than between-category distance, with strongest effects for adult speakers, but reaction time correlated most highly with within-category dispersion. These data suggest that talkers who are less consistent in their speech production may be perceived less clearly than more internallyconsistent talkers.

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Section: Experiments 1: Productionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The impact of variation in phoneme category structure on consonant intelligibility

Hazan

Romeo

Pettinato

2013

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

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“…Differences in VOT between groups of speakers (e.g., old vs. young) found in studies which do not also control for speech rate may in fact be due to rate (see Morris et al 2008). However, speech rate is unlikely to explain shorter VOTs in elderly speakers, who typically speak more slowly (e.g., Torre and Barlow 2009).…”

Section: Variation In Vot: Social and Speaker-specific Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The private life of stops: VOT in a real-time corpus of spontaneous Glaswegian

Stuart‐Smith

Sonderegger

Rathcke

et al. 2015

Laboratory Phonology

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While voice onset time (VOT) is known to be sensitive to a range of phonetic and linguistic factors, much less is known about VOT in spontaneous speech, since most studies consider stops in single words, in sentences, and/or in read speech. Scottish English is typically said to show less aspirated voiceless stops than other varieties of English, but there is also variation, ranging from unaspirated stops in vernacular speakers to more aspirated stops in Scottish Standard English; change in the vernacular has also been suggested. This paper presents results from a study which used a fast, semi-automated procedure for analyzing positive VOT, and applied it to stressed syllable-initial stops from a real-and apparent-time corpus of naturally-occurring spontaneous Glaswegian vernacular speech. We confirm significant effects on VOT for place of articulation and local speaking rate, and trends for vowel height and lexical frequency. With respect to time, our results are not consistent with previous work reporting generally shorter VOT in elderly speakers, since our results from models which control for local speech rate show lengthening over real-time in the elderly speakers in our sample. Overall, our findings suggest that VOT in both voiceless and voiced stops is lengthening over the course of the twentieth century in this variety of Scottish English. They also support observations from other studies, both from Scotland and beyond, indicating that gradient shifts along the VOT continuum reflect subtle sociolinguistic control.

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“…Gender was entered as a factor in all of the statistical analyses in Experiments 1-3 because it has been shown to have an effect on all of the acoustic dimensions investigated (an effect that is, moreover, usually perceptible to listeners): vowel formants (Whiteside, 1998b,c), voice onset time (Swartz 1992;Whiteside and Irving 1998; though see Morris et al 2008), and spectral properties of frication (Whiteside, 1998a). For a recent review of gender differences in speech, see Simpson (2009).…”

Section: B "New" Vs "Similar" Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of phonetic and phonological contrast by heritage speakers of Mandarin

Chang

Yao

Haynes

et al. 2011

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

106

107

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This study tested the hypothesis that heritage speakers of a minority language, due to their childhood experience with two languages, would outperform late learners in producing contrast: language-internal phonological contrast, as well as cross-linguistic phonetic contrast between similar, yet acoustically distinct, categories of different languages. To this end, production of Mandarin and English by heritage speakers of Mandarin was compared to that of native Mandarin speakers and native American English-speaking late learners of Mandarin in three experiments. In Experiment 1, back vowels in Mandarin and English were produced distinctly by all groups, but the greatest separation between similar vowels was achieved by heritage speakers. In Experiment 2, Mandarin aspirated and English voiceless plosives were produced distinctly by native Mandarin speakers and heritage speakers, who both put more distance between them than late learners. In Experiment 3, the Mandarin retroflex and English palato-alveolar fricatives were distinguished by more heritage speakers and late learners than native Mandarin speakers. Thus, overall the hypothesis was supported: across experiments, heritage speakers were found to be the most successful at simultaneously maintaining language-internal and cross-linguistic contrasts, a result that may stem from a close approximation of phonetic norms that occurs during early exposure to both languages.

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Voice onset time differences between adult males and females: Isolated syllables

Cited by 81 publications

References 34 publications

The impact of variation in phoneme category structure on consonant intelligibility

The impact of variation in phoneme category structure on consonant intelligibility

The private life of stops: VOT in a real-time corpus of spontaneous Glaswegian

Production of phonetic and phonological contrast by heritage speakers of Mandarin

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