Volatile compounds released by maize grains and silks in response to infection by <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> and its association with pathogen resistance

Fauguel, Carolina M.; Campos-Bermudez, Valeria A.; Iglesias, Juliana; Fernández, Mariana F.; Farroni, Abel Eduardo; Andreo, Carlos S.; Presello, Daniel A.

doi:10.1111/ppa.12663

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…1-Benzothiophene (45) is an environmental pollutant from petroleum [ 63 ] but it has also been found to be a plant defence chemical, being produced by maize ( Zea mays ) in response to fungal infections [ 64 ]. It has not been previously reported in mammals, although has been found in farm-raised catfish [ 65 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile scent chemicals in the urine of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes

2021

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The red fox is a highly adaptable mammal that has established itself world-wide in many different environments. Contributing to its success is a social structure based on chemical signalling between individuals. Urine scent marking behaviour has long been known in foxes, but there has not been a recent study of the chemical composition of fox urine. We have used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the urinary volatiles in 15 free-ranging wild foxes (2 female) living in farmlands and bush in Victoria, Australia. Foxes here are routinely culled as feral pests, and the urine was collected by bladder puncture soon after death. Compounds were identified from their mass spectra and Kovats retention indices. There were 53 possible endogenous scent compounds, 10 plant-derived compounds and 5 anthropogenic xenobiotics. Among the plant chemicals were several aromatic apocarotenoids previously found in greater abundance in the fox tail gland. They reflect the dietary consumption of carotenoids, essential for optimal health. One third of all the endogenous volatiles were sulfur compounds, a highly odiferous group which included thiols, methylsulfides and polysulfides. Five of the sulfur compounds (3-isopentenyl thiol, 1- and 2-phenylethyl methyl sulfide, octanethiol and benzyl methyl sulfide) have only been found in foxes, and four others (isopentyl methyl sulfide, 3-isopentenyl methyl sulfide, and 1- and 2-phenylethane thiol) only in some canid, mink and skunk species. This indicates that they are not normal mammalian metabolites and have evolved to serve a specific role. This role is for defence in musteloids and most likely for chemical communication in canids. The total production of sulfur compounds varied greatly between foxes (median 1.2, range 0.4–32.3 μg ‘acetophenone equivalents’/mg creatinine) as did the relative abundance of different chemical types. The urinary scent chemistry may represent a highly evolved system of semiochemicals for communication between foxes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile scent chemicals in the urine of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes

2021

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“…Later on, Fauguel et al [ 97 ] suggested that F. verticillioides could use compounds from the maize 9-LOX pathway to promote infection in kernels while maize volatiles produced by the 13-LOX pathway could be associated to maize field resistance. They firstly studied, in in vitro experiments, the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of silks and kernels from genotypes with different levels of resistance to FER and found that VOCs from the most resistant and susceptible genotypes inhibited and promoted, respectively, fungal growth.…”

Section: Gene Expression Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, authors concluded that the resistant inbred could activate more efficiently the defense response that would depend on an overexpression of LOX pathway genes and suggested a key role for JA in resistance to F. verticillioides. The impact of maize oxylipins on mycotoxin production would be mediated through changes in the transcription of fumonisin biosynthetic genes [96] Later on, Fauguel et al [97] suggested that F. verticillioides could use compounds from the maize 9-LOX pathway to promote infection in kernels while maize volatiles produced by the 13-LOX pathway could be associated to maize field resistance. They firstly studied, in in vitro experiments, the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of silks and kernels from genotypes with different levels of resistance to FER and found that VOCs from the most resistant and susceptible genotypes inhibited and promoted, respectively, fungal growth.…”

Section: Gene Expression Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics of Maize Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Contamination

Santiago

Cao

Malvar

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Food contamination with mycotoxins is a worldwide concern, because these toxins produced by several fungal species have detrimental effects on animal and/or human health. In maize, fumonisins are among the toxins with the highest threatening potential because they are mainly produced by Fusarium verticillioides, which is distributed worldwide. Plant breeding has emerged as an effective and environmentally safe method to reduce fumonisin levels in maize kernels, but although phenotypic selection has proved effective for improving resistance to fumonisin contamination, further resources should be mobilized to meet farmers’ needs. Selection based on molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to fumonisin contamination or/and genotype values obtained using prediction models with markers distributed across the whole genome could speed up breeding progress. Therefore, in the current paper, previously identified genomic regions, genes, and/or pathways implicated in resistance to fumonisin accumulation will be reviewed. Studies done until now have provide many markers to be used by breeders, but to get further insight on plant mechanisms to defend against fungal infection and to limit fumonisin contamination, the genes behind those QTLs should be identified.

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“…By changing the volatile components and their blend ratios, plants use VOCs to stimulate plant defenses for induced and associational resistance to pathogens [27]. Several investigations have shown that some VOCs possess antimicrobial activity that inhibits pathogens' growth and mobility within tissues and can thus act as a direct defense response [24,[27][28][29][30][31][32]. It has been stated that VOC emissions not only reflect environmental suitability but also the genotypic component of the plant [33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Leaf Volatile Emissions in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivars with Different Late Blight Resistance

Agho

Runno-Paurson

Tähtjärv

et al. 2023

Plants

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play key roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress resistance, but even for widespread crops, there is limited information on variations in the magnitude and composition of constitutive VOC emissions among cultivars with varying stress resistance. The foliage VOC emissions from nine local and commercial potato cultivars (Alouette, Sarme, Kuras, Ando, Anti, Jõgeva Kollane, Teele, 1681-11, and Reet) with medium to late maturities and varying Phytophthora infestans (the causative agent of late blight disease) resistance backgrounds were analyzed to gain an insight into the genetic diversity of constitutive VOC emissions and to test the hypothesis that cultivars more resistant to Phytophthora infestans have greater VOC emissions and different VOC fingerprints. Forty-six VOCs were identified in the emission blends of potato leaves. The majority of the VOCs were sesquiterpenes (50% of the total number of compounds and 0.5–36.9% of the total emissions) and monoterpenes (30.4% of the total number of compounds and 57.8–92.5% of the total VOC emissions). Qualitative differences in leaf volatiles, mainly in sesquiterpenes, were related to the potato genotype background. Among the volatile groups, the monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ3-carene, limonene, and p-cymene, the sesquiterpenes (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-copaene, and green leaf volatile hexanal were the major volatiles in all cultivars. A higher share of VOCs known to have antimicrobial activities was observed. Interestingly, the cultivars were grouped into high and low resistance categories based on the VOC profiles, and the total terpenoid and total constitutive VOC emission scale positively with resistance. To support and expedite advances in breeding for resistance to diseases such as late blight disease, the plant research community must develop a fast and precise approach to measure disease resistance. We conclude that the blend of emitted volatiles is a fast, non-invasive, and promising indicator to identify cultivars resistant to potato late blight disease.

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Volatile compounds released by maize grains and silks in response to infection by Fusarium verticillioides and its association with pathogen resistance

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Volatile scent chemicals in the urine of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes

Volatile scent chemicals in the urine of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes

Genomics of Maize Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Contamination

Variation in Leaf Volatile Emissions in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivars with Different Late Blight Resistance

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