Volatile fatty and dissolved free amino acids in Organic Lake, Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica

Gibson, John A.E.; Qiang, Xu Lu; Franzmann, P.D.; Garrick, Russell C.; Burton, Harry R.

doi:10.1007/bf00238224

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is the first study that considers this technique for amino acids analysis, and the method we developed provides good quantitative and qualitative performance. Table 2 Comparison between the quantitative performances of the HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap XL and the HPLC-API 4000 to analyse amino acid enantiomers HPLC-LTQ Orbitrap XL method HPLC-API 4000 method These values were very similar to those individuated in several European lakes [14,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], where the concentrations of free amino acids ranged between 2 and 800 nM, but considerably lower than those of Organic Lake (East Antarctica) (48-268 μM) reported by Gibson et al [25]. To our knowledge, no other research was conducted to individuate amino acids in Antarctic lacustrine water.…”

Section: Comparison Of Quantitative Performance Between Ltq-orbitrap supporting

confidence: 79%

“…Recently, Antarctic lacustrine ecosystems have been investigated to determine major, minor or trace element distributions [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], while organic compounds were less extensively studied [16,[25][26][27]. Antarctic lake waters collected in the McMurdo Dry Valleys were studied in-depth, yielding information on the relationship between water chemistry and microorganisms [17,18], paleoclimatology [28], chemical alteration and sedimentation [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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d- and l-amino acids in Antarctic lakes: assessment of a very sensitive HPLC-MS method

et al. 2014

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Amino acids represent a fraction of organic matter in marine and freshwater ecosystems, and a source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. L-Amino acids are the most common enantiomers in nature because these chiral forms are used during the biosynthesis of proteins and peptide. To the contrary, the occurrence of D-amino acids is usually linked to the presence of bacteria. We investigated the distribution of L-and D-amino acids in the lacustrine environment of Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, in order to define their natural composition in this area and to individuate a possible relationship with primary production. A simultaneous chromatographic separation of 40 L-and D-amino acids was performed using a chiral stationary phase based on teicoplainin aglycone (CHIROBIOTIC TAG). The chromatographic separation was coupled to two different mass spectrometers-an LTQ-Orbitrap XL (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and an API 4000 (ABSciex)-in order to investigate their quantitative performance. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry methods were evaluated through the estimation of their linear ranges, repeatability, accuracy and detection and quantification limits. The high-resolution mass spectrometer LTQ-Orbitrap XL presented detection limits between 0.4 and 7 μgL −1 , while the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer API 4000 achieved the best detection limits reported in the literature for the quantification of amino acids (between 4 and 200 ngL −1 ). The most sensitive method, HPLC-API 4000, was applied to lake water samples.

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Section: Comparison Of Quantitative Performance Between Ltq-orbitrap supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

d- and l-amino acids in Antarctic lakes: assessment of a very sensitive HPLC-MS method

et al. 2014

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“…This inference is supported by the report of high concentrations of dissolved organic acids and free amino acids in the deep zone (Gibson et al, 1994), as these nutrients are indicative of the breakdown of high molecular weight carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Furthermore, the C:N and C:P ratios throughout the lake were high compared with the Redfield ratio (Redfield et al, 1963) except at 6.5 m, indicating that this was the only depth where dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus were not relatively limited (Table 1).…”

Section: Carbon Conservation and Unusual Sulfur Cycling S Yau Et Almentioning

confidence: 62%

“…As the genes that encode enzymes involved in DMS catabolism have not been identified, potential for DMS breakdown in the deep zone was assessed from the taxonomic composition. Methanogens and genes involved in methanogenesis were not detected, nor has methane been detected (Gibson et al, 1994), leaving sulfate reduction the most likely route of DMS catabolism. The low dissimilatory sulfate reduction potential in the deep zone coupled with the relatively stagnant water would likely minimize DMS oxidation and loss by ventilation.…”

Section: Molecular Basis For Unusual Sulfur Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 95%

Metagenomic insights into strategies of carbon conservation and unusual sulfur biogeochemistry in a hypersaline Antarctic lake

et al. 2013

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Organic Lake is a shallow, marine-derived hypersaline lake in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica that has the highest reported concentration of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in a natural body of water. To determine the composition and functional potential of the microbial community and learn about the unusual sulfur chemistry in Organic Lake, shotgun metagenomics was performed on size-fractionated samples collected along a depth profile. Eucaryal phytoflagellates were the main photosynthetic organisms. Bacteria were dominated by the globally distributed heterotrophic taxa Marinobacter, Roseovarius and Psychroflexus. The dominance of heterotrophic degradation, coupled with low fixation potential, indicates possible net carbon loss. However, abundant marker genes for aerobic anoxygenic phototrophy, sulfur oxidation, rhodopsins and CO oxidation were also linked to the dominant heterotrophic bacteria, and indicate the use of photo-and lithoheterotrophy as mechanisms for conserving organic carbon. Similarly, a high genetic potential for the recycling of nitrogen compounds likely functions to retain fixed nitrogen in the lake. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) lyase genes were abundant, indicating that DMSP is a significant carbon and energy source. Unlike marine environments, DMSP demethylases were less abundant, indicating that DMSP cleavage is the likely source of high DMS concentration. DMSP cleavage, carbon mixotrophy (photoheterotrophy and lithoheterotrophy) and nitrogen remineralization by dominant Organic Lake bacteria are potentially important adaptations to nutrient constraints. In particular, carbon mixotrophy relieves the extent of carbon oxidation for energy production, allowing more carbon to be used for biosynthetic processes. The study sheds light on how the microbial community has adapted to this unique Antarctic lake environment.

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“…In contrast to the high DCAA pools in Mono Lake, the abundance of DFAA (typically <1000 nM) agreed with concentrations typically found in the photic zone in other mesoand eutrophic lakes ( Table 2). The increased concentrations in the thermocline and hypolimnion also agree with DFAA profiles measured in other environments, e.g., a stratified coastal salt pond (Lee and Jørgensen 1995) and in hypersaline and stratified Organic Lake in Antarctica (Gibson et al 1994). Observations of other anoxic and stratified waters, such as the Black Sea, do not indicate a general accumulation of DFAA under anoxic conditions (Mopper and Kieber 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 50%

Contribution of Bacterial Cell Wall Components to DOM in Alkaline, Hypersaline Mono Lake, California

J⊘rgensen¹,

Engel²,

Jellison³

et al. 2008

Geomicrobiology Journal

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Soda lakes are often characterized by high densities of prokaryotes and high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon. Since bacterial cell walls are less degradable than most other cell constituents, accumulation of cell wall material may occur in these lakes and contribute to the DOM pool, but composition of DOM in soda lakes has rarely been examined. Here we report concentrations of DOM components likely originating from bacterial cell walls, including D amino acids, glucosamine (GluA) and muramic acid (MurA), in depth profiles of stratified, alkaline, hypersaline Mono Lake, CA. Concentrations of cell wall components were related to total pools of dissolved free and combined amino acids (DFAA and DCAA), and bacterial density and production. In the free pool, total DFAA ranged from 50 to 3250 nM and typically increased with depth, while GluA (5 to 140 nM) and MurA (<0.5 nM and only detected in 2005) fluctuated with depth. In the combined pool, DCAA varied between 5000 and 15000 nM and did not show clear depth-related trends. GluA ranged from 1000 to 5000 nM and tended to increase in the hypolimnion, while MurA varied between 25 and 75 nM. Free D isomers in the DFAA pool either made up <13% (Asp and Ser) or varied from 10 to 57% (Glu and Ala). In the combined pool, D isomers of Asp, Glu, Ser and Ala made up 24-48% of these DCAA and typically showed minor changes with depth. In 2005, lysozyme activity had highest rates in the surface and correlated negatively with most D isomers among the combined amino acids. Our observations demonstrate that the pool of dissolved combined amino compounds in the lake was about 5-fold higher than in other eutrophic lakes and that a substantial portion of these amino compounds originated from bacterial cell walls.

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Volatile fatty and dissolved free amino acids in Organic Lake, Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

d- and l-amino acids in Antarctic lakes: assessment of a very sensitive HPLC-MS method

d- and l-amino acids in Antarctic lakes: assessment of a very sensitive HPLC-MS method

Metagenomic insights into strategies of carbon conservation and unusual sulfur biogeochemistry in a hypersaline Antarctic lake

Contribution of Bacterial Cell Wall Components to DOM in Alkaline, Hypersaline Mono Lake, California

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