ABSTRACT:The role of counterions in chemistry mediated by gold complexes stretches much further than merely providing charge balance to cationic gold species. Interplay between their basicities and coordination strengths influences interactions with both the gold center and substrates in catalysis. Actual monogold(I) active species are generally believed to be mono-coordinated species, formed from the abstraction or the decoordination of a second ligand from precursor complexes, but only little experimental evidence exists to underpin the existence of these transient species. The formation of a bench-stable neutral IPr Cl -gold(I) tetrafluoroborate complex is herein reported. Experimental studies by X-ray diffraction analysis, NMR spectroscopy and theoretical studies by DFT calculations were conducted to determine the composition, structure, and behavior of this complex. The absence of an auxiliary ligand resulted in inner-sphere coordination of the counterion in the solid state. In solution, an equilibrium between two conformations was found with the counterion occupying inner-sphere and outer-sphere positions, respectively. Stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity studies with the tetrafluoroborate complex have been conducted. These confirmed the lability of the inner-sphere coordinating counterion that gives the IPr Cl -gold(I) fragment similar behavior to related systems.