Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban air: How chemistry affects the interpretation of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis

Yuan, Bin; Shao, Min; Gouw, J. A. de; Parrish, D. D.; Lü, Sihua; Wang, Ming; Zeng, Limin; Zhang, Qian; Song, Yu; Zhang, Jianbo; Hu, Min

doi:10.1029/2012jd018236

Cited by 274 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The largest OH exposure in Beijing in 2013 was calculated as 0.71 × 10 11 molecule s cm −3 at 13:00 LT, while the largest OH exposure in Heshan in 2014 was calculated to be 1.69 × 10 11 molecule s cm −3 at 14:00 LT. The results in Beijing were comparable to previous reports (Yuan et al, 2012). Assuming the daytime average ambient OH concentration was 5.2 × 10 6 molecule cm −3 , the photochemical age in Beijing was estimated to be not more than 3.5 h. With measured daytime average OH concentration as 7.5 × 10 6 molecule cm −3 in Heshan (Tan et al, unpublished data), the photochemical age in Heshan was about 6 to 7 h, which was about twice the photochemical age of the Beijing observations, indicating a more aged atmospheric environment in Heshan.…”

Section: Time Series Of Meteorology and Trace Gasessupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Compared to other campaigns, both sites had higher loading of alkenes and aromatics (Yuan et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014b). The other probable reason is the contribution from OVOCs.…”

Section: Reactivity Levels In Beijing and Heshanmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This site is an urban site used for intensive field measurements of air quality in Beijing for long periods. Detailed information about this site can be found elsewhere (Yuan et al, 2012). Suburban measurements were conducted from 20 October to 22 November 2014 at the Heshan (HS) site, Guangdong (112.93 • E, 22.73 • N).…”

Section: Field Measurements 221 Measuring Sites and Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performances of these instruments were presented in Tables S1 and S2 in the Supplement. VOCs were measured by a cryogen-free online GC-MSD/FID system, developed at Peking University (Yuan et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014a). The time resolution is 1 h but the sampling time starts from the 5th to 10th minute every hour.…”

Section: Simultaneous Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Total OH reactivity measurements were conducted on the Peking University campus (Beijing) in August 2013 and in Heshan (Guangdong province) from October to November 2014. The daily median OH reactivity was 20 ± 11 s −1 in Beijing and 31 ± 20 s −1 in Heshan, respectively. The data in Beijing showed a distinct diurnal pattern with the maxima over 27 s −1 in the early morning and minima below 16 s −1 in the afternoon. The diurnal pattern in Heshan was not as evident as in Beijing. Missing reactivity, defined as the difference between measured and calculated OH reactivity, was observed at both sites, with 21 % missing reactivity in Beijing and 32 % missing reactivity in Heshan. Unmeasured primary species, such as branched alkenes, could contribute to missing reactivity in Beijing, especially during morning rush hours. An observation-based model with the RACM2 (Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism version 2) was used to understand the daytime missing reactivity in Beijing by adding unmeasured oxygenated volatile organic compounds and simulated intermediates of the degradation from primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the model could not find a convincing explanation for the missing reactivity in Heshan, where the ambient air was found to be more aged, and the missing reactivity was presumably attributed to oxidized species, such as unmeasured aldehydes, acids and dicarbonyls. The ozone production efficiency was 21 % higher in Beijing and 30 % higher in Heshan when the model was constrained by the measured reactivity, compared to the calculations with measured and modeled species included, indicating the importance of quantifying the OH reactivity for better understanding ozone chemistry.

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Section: Time Series Of Meteorology and Trace Gasessupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Compared to other campaigns, both sites had higher loading of alkenes and aromatics (Yuan et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014b). The other probable reason is the contribution from OVOCs.…”

Section: Reactivity Levels In Beijing and Heshanmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Field Measurements 221 Measuring Sites and Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simultaneous Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

et al. 2017

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“…For every batch of 6 samples, a high-purity nitrogen sample and a standard sample (1 ppb) were spiked to assure the peak time and signal intensity. The method detection limits (MDLs) of the various VOC species ranged from 2 to 70 pptv (Liu et al, 2009;Yuan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Vocs Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds from Biomass Burning in Yangtze River Delta, China

Wang

Lou

Huang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with biomass burning were characterized in the Yangtze River Delta of China, including two types of burning conditions (stove burning and field burning) and five typical kinds of biomass (straws of rice, wheat, bean and rape, and wood). According to the results, the VOC emission factors of straw burning ranged from 2.08 g/kg to 6.99 g/kg with an average of (4.89 ± 1.70) g/kg, compared to 0.98 g/kg for wood burning. Some differences in VOC composition were observed with the burning of different biomasses. Oxygenated VOC (o-VOC) were the largest contributors to the mass concentration of measured VOCs from straw burning, with a proportion of 49.4%, followed by alkenes 21.4%, aromatics 13.5%, alkanes 10.6% and halogenated VOC (x-VOC) 5.0%. More aromatics and x-VOC were emitted from wood burning compared with straw burning. Field burning emitted more o-VOC due to more air being supplied during the burning test compared with stove burning. Further examination of the detailed VOC species showed the most abundant VOC species from biomass burning were o-VOC, C2-C3 alkenes and C6-C7 aromatics. The ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs from straw burning was in the range of 13.92-33.24 g/kg, which was much higher than that of wood burning (4.30 g/kg). Alkenes and o-VOC were the largest contributors to OFP of VOCs from biomass burning. The top five contributors of OFP were ethene, n-hexanal, propylene, acetaldehyde and methyl vinyl ketone, the sum of which accounted for 77% of total OFP. The ratio of ethylbenzene to m,p-xylenes from biomass burning was significantly higher than those from other VOC sources, and thus this could be seen as the fingerprint of biomass burning.

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Laboratory measurements of emission factors of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from burning of Chinese crop residues

et al. 2015

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The emission factors (EFs) of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emitted during the burning of Chinese crop residue were investigated as a function of modified combustion efficiency in laboratory experiments. NMVOCs, including acetonitrile, aldehydes/ketones, furan, and aromatic hydrocarbons, were monitored by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry. Rape plant was burned in dry conditions and wheat straw was burned in both wet and dry conditions to simulate the possible burning of damp crop residue in regions of high temperature and humidity. We compared the present data to field data reported by Kudo et al. (2014). Good agreement between field and laboratory data was obtained for aromatics under relatively more smoldering combustion of dry samples, but laboratory data were slightly overestimated compared to field data for oxygenated VOC (OVOC). When EFs from the burning of wet samples were investigated, the consistency between the field and laboratory data for OVOCs was stronger than for dry samples. This may be caused by residual moisture in crop residue that has been stockpiled in humid regions. Comparison of the wet laboratory data with field data suggests that Kudo et al. (2014) observed the biomass burning plumes under relatively more smoldering conditions in which approximately a few tens of percentages of burned fuel materials were wet.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban air: How chemistry affects the interpretation of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis

Cited by 274 publications

References 79 publications

How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China

Source Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds from Biomass Burning in Yangtze River Delta, China

Laboratory measurements of emission factors of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from burning of Chinese crop residues

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