Volatiles emitted by apple fruitlets infested by larvae of the European apple sawfly

Boevé, Jean‐Luc; Lengwiler, Urs B.; Tollsten, Lars; Dorn, Silvia; Turlings, Ted C. J.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00948-5

Cited by 68 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Several of the compounds we found associated with Psylla infestation were also found to be associated with damage in other, totally different plant-herbivore systems, such as apple spider mite (Takabayashi et al, 1991), lima bean spider mite (Dicke et al, 1990a), cucumber spider mite (Takabayashi et al, 1994), cotton caterpillar (McCall et al, 1994), corn caterpillar (Turlings et al, 1991), Brussels sprout caterpillar (Mattiacci et al, 1994), broad bean aphid (Hardie et al, 1994), apple sawfly larvae (Boeve et al, 1996), and cabbage caterpillar (Blaakmeer et al, 1994). Five compounds found exclusively in our infested pear samples have not been mentioned before in association with herbivory: 2-and 3-methyl butanal, 5-ethyl-2(5H)-furanon, ethyl salicylate, and anisole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Volatiles from Psylla-Infested Pear Trees and Their Possible Involvement in Attraction of Anthocorid Predators

et al. 1997

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General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Abstract-Previous work showed that anthocorid predators aggregate around gauze cages containing Psylla-infested trees in a pear orchard. Because anthocorids responded to odor from Psylla-infested leaves in a laboratory test, it was hypothesized that these aggregative responses in the field were triggered by olfaction of compounds associated with Psylla injury. We present chemical analyses of volatiles from damaged and undamaged plants and studies on behavioral responses of anthocorid predators to compounds released by damaged plants. Leaf headspace volatiles from clean and Psylla-infested pear trees were collected on Tenax and identified by GC-MS after thermodesorption. Twelve volatiles were found exclusively in headspace samples from Psyllainfested leaves. Six were present in significantly higher quantities in samples from infested leaves: the monoterpene, (E,E)-a-farnesene, the phenolic, methyl salicylate, and the green leaf compounds, (Z)-3-hexen-l-yl acetate, (Z)-3-hexen-l-ol, 1-hexyl-acetate, and l-penten-3-ol. These compounds are known to be produced by plants, and damage by pear psyllids seems to trigger their emission. Blend composition varied and was partly correlated with tree or leaf age and degree of Psylla infestation. To study whether compounds associated with leaf injury elicit olfactory responses in anthocorid predators, apple-extracted (E,E)-a-farnesene, synthetic methyl salicylate, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate were offered in a Y-tube olfactometer to field-collected adult Anthocoris spp. Significant positive responses were found to both the *To whom correspondence should be addressed. m o n o t e r p e n e and the phenolic, but not to the green leaf volatile. The results lend support to the hypothesis that predator attraction to herbivore-infested pear trees is mediated by herbivory-induced plant volatiles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Volatiles from Psylla-Infested Pear Trees and Their Possible Involvement in Attraction of Anthocorid Predators

et al. 1997

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“…Immediately after this treatment, the vials with the crushed aphids were introduced into the volatile collection apparatus. The volatile collection system has been described in detail by Boevé et al (1996). Briefly, humidified air, purified by an in-line activated charcoal filter, entered two parallel chambers consisting of glass tubes (approx.…”

Section: Collection and Analyses Of Aphid Alarm Pheromonementioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore‐induced emissions of maize volatiles repel the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis

Bernasconi

Turlings

Ambrosetti

et al. 1998

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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228

155

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When maize plants, Zea mays L., are mechanically damaged and the damaged sites are treated with caterpillar regurgitant, the plants will release a specific blend of volatiles. It is known that these volatiles can be attractive to natural enemies of herbivores. We hypothesise that the plant volatiles constitute part of the induced plant defence and that herbivores will be affected by the odours as well. In laboratory and semi-field studies this hypothesis was tested for the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Rhynchota, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae).In a Y-tube olfactometer significantly more aphids chose the odour of healthy, undamaged maize seedlings when tested against clean air or plants treated with regurgitant. Clean air was chosen more often when tested next to the odour of treated plants. This apparently repellent effect of the odour of treated plants was significant for winged aphids, but not for the wingless aphids.In field experiments aphids were released in the centre of circles of eight potted maize plants. Four plants in each circle were damaged and treated with caterpillar regurgitant while the other plants were left unharmed. At different intervals after aphid release, the number of aphids was counted on each plant. Significantly fewer winged and wingless aphids were found back on treated plants than on healthy plants.We suggest that herbivores may be repelled by the odours because they could indicate that: 1) the plant has initiated the production of toxic compounds; 2) potential competitors are present on the plant; 3) the plant is attractive to parasitoids and predators. Aphids may be particularly sensitive to induced maize volatiles because one of the major compounds emitted by the plant is (E)-β-farnesene, which is a common alarm pheromone for aphids. Collections and analyses of the odours emitted by crushed R. maidis confirmed that it too emits (E)-β-farnesene when stressed. The results are discussed in context of plant defence strategies and their possible exploitation for the control of pest insects.

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“…Flath et al, 1969;Drawert et al, 1969a;checklist by Maarse & Visscher, 1989-92). In contrast, apple fruitlets emit mainly terpenoids and a few aromatic and short aliphatic compounds (Boev6 et al, 1996b), as apple flowers (Buchbaueretal., 1993) and leaves (Takabayashi etal., 1991) similarly do. The terpenoid c~-farnesene has been particularly well studied (e.g.…”

Section: The First Trophic Level: Malus Domesticamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of such a tritrophic system is apples infested by larvae of the European apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), which in turn are attacked by predators and parasitoids. Volatiles from this system were studied at two levels: those emitted by the sawfly larvae when disturbed (see Boev6 et al, 1996a) and those emitted by apples infested by sawfly larvae (see Boev6 et al, 1996b). The present paper indicates some of the chemical interactions among apples, the sawfly larvae and their natural enemies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemoecology of larvae of the European apple sawfly

Boevé

1996

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Volatiles emitted by apple fruitlets infested by larvae of the European apple sawfly

Cited by 68 publications

References 10 publications

Volatiles from Psylla-Infested Pear Trees and Their Possible Involvement in Attraction of Anthocorid Predators

Volatiles from Psylla-Infested Pear Trees and Their Possible Involvement in Attraction of Anthocorid Predators

Herbivore‐induced emissions of maize volatiles repel the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis

Chemoecology of larvae of the European apple sawfly

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