Volcanic ash forecast – application to the May 2008 Chaitén eruption

Folch, Arnau; Jorba, Oriol; Viramonte, J.

doi:10.5194/nhess-8-927-2008

Cited by 60 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Martin-Del Pozzo et al, 2008] an assigned thickness of <0.1 mm where ash was detectable only as a pale dusting on stiff leaves. Both local people's estimates of fresh ashfall thickness, and that estimated from coupled meteorological and dispersal models [Folch et al, 2008], correspond well with our data. In some cases a discrepancy exists, with our measurements being slightly lower than fresh thickness estimates.…”

Section: Ash Samplingsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The relative intensity of these episodes is unclear, but the 8 May cloud may have drifted northward in mid-Argentina ( Figure 1b) [Folch et al, 2008] rather than following the easterly direction of the 6 May. For simplicity, we refer to this northern depositional lobe as the 6 May deposit.…”

Section: Eruption Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] From examination of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov) satellite images and contemporary reports [Folch et al, 2008], we produce the following summary of the early stages of the Chaitén eruption (Figure 1b). Activity was most vigorous during the first week of eruption, beginning with an energetic phase on 2 May, for which contemporary reports estimate a column height of 15 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaitén, Chile

et al. 2009

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[1] The major explosive eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile, in May 2008 provided a rare opportunity to track the long-range dispersal and deposition of fine volcanic ash. The eruption followed $10,000 years of quiescence, was the largest explosive eruption globally since Hudson, Chile, in 1991, and was the first explosive rhyolitic eruption since Novarupta, Alaska, in 1912. Field examination of distal ashfall indicates that $1.6 Â 10 11 kg of ash (dense rock equivalent volume of $0.07 km 3 ) was deposited over $2 Â 10 5 km 2 of Argentina during the first week of eruption. The minimum eruption magnitude, estimated from the mass of the tephra deposit, is 4.2. Several discrete ashfall units are identifiable from their distribution and grain size characteristics, with more energetic phases showing a bimodal size distribution and evidence of cloud aggregation processes. Ash chemistry was uniform throughout the early stages of eruption and is consistent with magma storage prior to eruption at depths of 3-6 km. Deposition of ash over a continental region allowed the tracking of eruption development and demonstrates the potential complexity of tephra dispersal from a single eruption, which in this case comprised several phases over a week-long period of intense activity.

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Section: Ash Samplingsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Eruption Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaitén, Chile

et al. 2009

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“…On 6 May, the intensity of explosive activity increased sharply leading to a climactic explosion (Fig. 3b) that lofted an eruption column to at least 18-20 km altitude (Folch et al, 2008;Carn et al, 2009;Durant et al, 2012). During the day, explosive activity waxed and waned.…”

Section: Explosive Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Chaitén Volcano, Chile, and its 2008-2009 eruption

Major

Lara²

2013

andgeo

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ABSTRACT. Chaitén Volcano erupted unexpectedly in May 2008 in one of the largest eruptions globally since the 1990s. It was the largest rhyolite eruption since the great eruption of Katmai Volcano in 1912, and the first rhyolite eruption to have at least some of its aspects monitored. The eruption consisted of an approximately 2-week-long explosive phase that generated as much as 1 km 3 bulk volume tephra (~0.3 km 3 dense rock equivalent) followed by an approximately 20-month-long effusive phase that erupted about 0. RESUMEN. Revisión del volcán Chaitén y su erupción 2008-2009. Chile. El volcánChaitén entró en erupción inesperadamente en mayo de 2008 generando una de las mayores erupciones globales desde la década de 1990. Esta fue la mayor erupción riolítica desde la gran erupción del volcán Katmai en 1912 y la primera de este tipo en que al menos algunas de sus fases fueron instrumentalmente monitoreadas. La erupción consistió en una fase explosiva de aproximadamente 2 semanas de duración que generó un volumen de 1 km 3 de tefra (~0,3 km 3 equivalente roca densa), seguida por una fase efusiva de aproximadamente 20 meses de duración que evacuó alrededor de 0,8 km 3 de lava riolítica de alto contenido de sílice, lo que formó un nuevo domo dentro de la caldera del volcán. Hasta el inicio de este evento, se sabía poco sobre la historia eruptiva del volcán o los peligros que este imponía a la sociedad. Esta edición de Andean Geology contiene una selección de artículos que ofrecen nuevas perspectivas sobre la historia eruptiva del volcán Chaitén y el amplio espectro de nuevos conocimientos obtenidos del estudio de la erupción de 2008-2009. Aquí resumimos la configuración geográfica, tectónica y climática de este volcán y el estado del conocimiento previo para proporcionar un contexto a los artículos de esta edición, junto con una cronología revisada de la erupción de

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“…It is also noteworthy that some of the most calamitous eruptions in the past two centuries, e.g., the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo (Philippines), 1902 eruption of Santa Maria (Guatemala), and 1815 eruption of Tambora (Indonesia), have been from volcanoes with no previously known historical activity (Simkin and Siebert, 1994). From the viewpoint of the duration of dormancy, the most notable cases are the cataclysmic eruptions of Usu (Japan) in 1663 and Chaitén (Chile) in 2008, which occurred after ~ 7000 years and ~ 9300 years of dormancy, respectively (Soya et al, 1981;Folch et al, 2008). Therefore, the long (~ 7000 years) dormancy from the latest recognized NYT eruption cannot be considered as an indication that Nantai volcano is extinct.…”

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMS 14C dating of lacustrine and pyroclastic deposits in summit crater of Nantai volcano, NE Japan: Evidence of Holocene eruption

Ishizaki

Oikawa

Okamura

2010

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

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Nantai volcano, northeast Japan, is a stratovolcano whose recent eruptive activity is poorly known. This paper presents the characteristics and ages of a newly discovered Holocene succession of volcanic and sedimentary units exposed at the northern sector of the present summit crater of Nantai volcano. The stratigraphic relationships and three accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C ages for eruptive products and lacustrine deposits of the northern sector of the summit crater show that Nantai volcano was active after the 15 -14 cal ka BP eruption, which was thought to be the latest eruption of the volcano. After the 15 -14 cal ka BP eruption, the summit crater was filled by a lake in which a water -chilled volcanic and tuff breccias (Goshinbutsunagi Volcanic Breccia) and the overlying lacustrine deposit (Nantai Lacustrine Deposit 1: NLD1) were emplaced. The 14 C age of ~ 8 cal ka BP obtained from a wood fragment in the bottom of NLD1 defines the initiation of the deposition of NLD1 in the crater lake. The crater lake dried up before 7 cal ka BP, following which a phreatomagmatic eruption occurred in the summit cater, forming Nantai -Yudonoyama Tephra (NYT). NYT is the latest recognized eruption product of Nantai volcano, and it underlies the second lacustrine deposit (Nantai Lacustrine Deposit 2) formed in the renewed crater lake. The young age of 7 cal ka BP obtained from the two charred wood stumps in NYT highlights that Nantai is an active volcano.

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Volcanic ash forecast – application to the May 2008 Chaitén eruption

Cited by 60 publications

References 19 publications

Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaitén, Chile

Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaitén, Chile

Overview of Chaitén Volcano, Chile, and its 2008-2009 eruption

AMS 14C dating of lacustrine and pyroclastic deposits in summit crater of Nantai volcano, NE Japan: Evidence of Holocene eruption

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