Volcanism and the Greenland ice cores: A new tephrochronological framework for the last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT) based on cryptotephra deposits in three ice cores

Cook, Eliza; Abbott, Peter M; Pearce, Nick; Mojtabavi, Seyedhamidreza; Svensson, Anders; Bourne, A. J.; Rasmussen, S. O.; Seierstad, Inger K; Vinther, Bo M.; Harrison, Joseph; Street, Elliott; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Wilhelms, Frank; Davies, Siwan M.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107596

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…3 and 6). We also observed a few minerals with an identical rhyolitic volcanic glass composition, which have also been found in the other Greenland ice cores (e.g., Cook et al, 2022). 225…”

Section: Quantitative Estimation Of Mineral Dustsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Studies have suggested that Greenland ice cores preserve records of past volcanic events in the Northern Hemisphere, identified as volcanic acid and ash (tephra) layers. Chemical and physical profiles of ice and volcanic dust from Greenland ice cores show a continuous record of volcanism over the past 110,000 years and indicate that the frequency of volcanism 385 was higher during the last glacial-interglacial transition and early Holocene (e.g., Zielinski et al, 1997;Cook et al, 2022).…”

Section: Volcanic Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional variations in mineralogy of dust in ice cores obtained from northeastern and northwestern Greenland over the past 100 years

Nagatsuka

Goto‐Azuma

Fujita

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. To investigate regional and temporal variations in the sources and atmospheric transport processes for mineral dust deposited on the Greenland Ice Sheet, we analysed the morphology and mineral composition of dust in an ice core from northeastern Greenland (East Greenland Ice-Core Project, EGRIP), representing the period from 1910 to 2013, using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and compared the results with those previously obtained for an ice core from northwestern Greenland (SIGMA-D). The composition of the SIGMA-D ice-core dust, comprising mostly silicate minerals, varied on a multi-decadal timescale due to an increased contribution of minerals originating from local ice-free areas during recent warming periods. In contrast, for the EGRIP ice-core dust, also consisting mostly of silicate minerals, there was relatively low compositional variation among the samples, suggesting that the mineral sources have not changed dramatically over the past 100 years. The subtle variation in the EGRIP ice-core mineral composition is likely due to a minor contribution of local dust. The type of silicate minerals differed significantly between the two ice cores; micas and chlorite, which form in cold dry regions, were abundant in the EGRIP ice core, whereas kaolinite, which forms in warm humid regions, was abundant in the SIGMA-D ice core. This indicates that the EGRIP ice-core dust likely originated from different geological sources than those for the SIGMA-D dust. A back-trajectory analysis indicated that the ice-core dust was transported from Northern Eurasia and North America to the EGRIP site, and that the contribution from each source was likely smaller and larger, respectively, than those for the SIGMA-D ice core. Furthermore, the higher illite content in the EGRIP ice core suggests dust transportation from Asian deserts. Although the back-trajectory analysis suggests that most of the air mass that arrived at the EGRIP site came from the Greenland coast, the mineral grain size and composition results showed that the local dust contribution was likely small.

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“…3 and 6). We also observed a few minerals with an identical rhyolitic volcanic glass composition, which have also been found in the other Greenland ice cores (e.g., Cook et al, 2022). 225…”

Section: Quantitative Estimation Of Mineral Dustsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Volcanic Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variations in mineralogy of dust in ice cores obtained from northeastern and northwestern Greenland over the past 100 years

Nagatsuka

Goto‐Azuma

Fujita

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The 7 tephra deposits were re-sampled, by removing a strip of 55 cm of ice (referred to as a 'bag') using a band saw. Each bag strip of ice was then cut into three sections, at resolutions of 20 or 15 cm, using the same depth intervals as Cook (2022) to ensure the same deposits could be found, and thus producing replicate tephra-containing ice core samples. The 5 tephra-free samples were derived from ice adjoining each of the tephra layers, i.e.…”

Section: Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deposits chosen for this experiment date back to the Bølling-Allerød/Greenland Interstadial 1 (GI-1) and glacial/Greenland Stadial 2 (GS-2) periods and comprise tephra of a similar geochemical composition as those selected for our training dataset: felsic (basaltic), mafic (rhyolitic), or a mix thereof. For each selected depth interval, two replicate samples are obtained: the first was analyzed for tephra by optical bench microscopy (Cook, 2022); the second one is analyzed by Flow Microscopy followed by our particle classification model. It is important to note that, although extracted from the same horizon, the samples dedicated to the two analyses are different and non-homogeneity can affect the lateral distribution of insoluble matter at the same depth interval (Cederstrøm et al, 2021).…”

Section: Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of ice core particles via deep neural networks

Maffezzoli

Cook²,

Bilt³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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Abstract. Insoluble particles in ice cores record signatures of past climate parameters like vegetation, volcanic activity or aridity. Their analytical detection depends on intensive bench microscopy investigation and requires dedicated sample preparation steps. Both are laborious, require in-depth knowledge and often restrict sampling strategies. To help overcome these limitations, we present a framework based on Flow Imaging Microscopy coupled to a deep neural network for autonomous image classification of ice core particles. We train the network to classify 7 commonly found classes: mineral dust, felsic and basaltic volcanic ash (tephra), three species of pollen (Corylus avellana, Quercus robur, Quercus suber) and contamination particles that may be introduced onto the ice core surface during core handling operations. The trained network achieves 96.8 % classification accuracy at test time. We present the system’s potentials and limitations with respect to the detection of mineral dust, pollen grains and tephra shards, using both controlled materials and real ice core samples. The methodology requires little sample material, is non destructive, fully reproducible and does not require any sample preparation step. The presented framework can bolster research in the field, by cutting down processing time, supporting human-operated microscopy and further unlocking the paleoclimate potential of ice core records by providing the opportunity to identify an array of ice core particles. Suggestions for an improved system to be deployed within a continuous flow analysis workflow are also presented.

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Repeated Early Holocene eruptions of Katla, Iceland, limit the temporal resolution of the Vedde Ash

Harning,

Thordarson,

Geirsdóttir

et al. 2023

Bull Volcanol

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Volcanism and the Greenland ice cores: A new tephrochronological framework for the last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT) based on cryptotephra deposits in three ice cores

Cited by 12 publications

References 110 publications

Regional variations in mineralogy of dust in ice cores obtained from northeastern and northwestern Greenland over the past 100 years

Regional variations in mineralogy of dust in ice cores obtained from northeastern and northwestern Greenland over the past 100 years

Detection of ice core particles via deep neural networks

Repeated Early Holocene eruptions of Katla, Iceland, limit the temporal resolution of the Vedde Ash

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