Volcano Ecology: State of the Field and Contributions of Mount St. Helens Research

Swanson, Frederick J.; Crisafulli, Charles M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7451-1_16

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Ecological response to volcanic disturbance has been studied for over a century and in detail, but secondary disturbances have received limited attention and disturbances are often poorly described (Swanson and Crisafulli 2018), similar to Roberts' (2004) conclusions about other disturbances. Volcanic disturbance types differ widely, as do ecosystem responses to them (Chang et al 2019).…”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Roberts (2004) emphasized the herbaceous layer, and stressed that ecologists considering forest understory need to describe the degree of damage from disturbance for three categories: canopy trees, understory plants themselves, and the forest floor and soil. In addition, prompt study is critical (Swanson and Crisafulli 2018): for example, delayed description of our plots would have missed the importance of snow beneath tephra (Antos and Zobel 1982) and the early importance of erosion (Fig. 1a) and its subsequent reduction.…”

Section: Measuring Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our work contradicts Roberts' (2004contradicts Roberts' ( , page 1274) assertion that his review considered "the full range of natural disturbance agents". Tephra fall and volcanic disturbance in general are frequent and widespread on a global scale (Swanson and Crisafulli 2018), and need to be considered when ecological generalizations and successional models are developed (Chang et al 2019).…”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many types and scales of disturbance have been considered in detail (e.g., Pickett and White 1985;Gill et al 2017). Interpreting results of such vegetation sampling requires a thorough understanding of the nature of the disturbance, which is often not described in detail (Roberts 2004;Swanson and Crisafulli 2018). Disturbances differ in type, spatial scale, frequency, and their effects, making disturbance sometimes a difficult concept to define, but it is clear that disturbance is a major factor controlling ecosystem dynamics and services relevant to humans (Thom and Seidl 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary disturbance following a deposit of volcanic tephra: a 30-year record from old-growth forest understory

2021

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Forest disturbance is usually described by effects on trees, and small disturbances to forest understory are seldom studied. Nevertheless, effective analyses of succession need to consider both stand-replacing and subsequent “secondary” disturbances in both canopy and understory. We estimated characteristics of 13 types of secondary disturbance in old-growth forest understory, and of canopy cover, after the 1980 tephra (aerially transported volcanic ejecta) deposition from Mount St. Helens, Washington. We sampled 100 1-m2 plots at each of four sites for vegetation change and types of disturbance at ten times from 1980-2010; we sampled tree canopy above each plot in 1980 and 2016. The number of canopy gaps increased 23 % and mean gap dimension 68 % during 36 years, mostly from loss of Abies amabilis. Secondary disturbance in understory affected 1.4 % of stand area per year. The areas affected by soil disturbance and effects of woody litter were similar. Erosion, greater in deep than in shallow tephra, peaked in 1981, whereas most litter-caused disturbances increased after 2000. Less frequent litter-based disturbances covered greater area. Our results differ from conclusions about non-volcanic understory disturbances. Secondary disturbances are variable, need more study, and are likely to affect many other systems.

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Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Measuring Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary disturbance following a deposit of volcanic tephra: a 30-year record from old-growth forest understory

2021

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“…Understanding the lasting effects of volcanism on vegetation responses like the resistance, recovery or the development of diversity patterns may help in designing nature management (Dale et al, 2005 ; Franklin et al, 2002 ) especially in highly diverse biogeographical areas influenced by volcanism and affected by current climate change. However, the study of the vegetation dynamics is challenging since active volcanoes are located in remote areas, the long‐term monitoring requires many resources, and the responses last too long to be monitored in human life span or had occurred far in the past (Swanson & Crisafulli, 2018 ) under different climate condition. For this end, well‐designed paleoecological studies, through the study of tephra layers and pollen in sedimentary records, can help to understand the consequences of past volcanic disturbances on vegetation responses or can be used as an analogue for future events (e.g., Payne & Egan, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation responses to past volcanic disturbances at the Araucaria araucana forest‐steppe ecotone in northern Patagonia

Moreno‐González

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Volcanic eruptions play an important role in vegetation dynamics and its historical range of variability. However, large events are infrequent and eruptions with a significant imprint in today's vegetation occurred far in the past, limiting our understanding of ecological processes. Volcanoes in southern Andes have been active during the last 10 ka and support unique ecosystems such as the Araucaria – Nothofagus forest. Araucaria is an endangered species, with a fragmented distribution and well‐adapted to fire and volcanic disturbances. Yet, it was suggested that volcanism might have increased the fragmentation. Through the use of pollen and tephra analysis from a sedimentary record, this paleoecological study aims to provide an insight into the vegetation responses to past volcanic disturbances, to assess the role of volcanic disturbance on the vegetation dynamics and to determine if the current fragmentation has been caused by volcanism. Results show that during the last 9 kyr, 39 tephra falls buried the vegetation around Lake Relem, more frequently between 4 and 2 ka. The pollen percentage indicates that the vegetation changed after small tephra fall but seldom caused significant changes. However, the large eruption of Sollipulli volcano (~3 ka) changed the environmental conditions affecting severely the vegetation. Ephedra dominated the early successional stage, perhaps facilitating Nothofagus recovering after ~500 years. Slight increase of Araucaria and Nothofagus obliqua ‐type pollen percentages suggests that forest resisted without permanent changes and recovered relatively fast after the large eruption, perhaps because of sparse biological legacies distributed in the landscape. In the study area, the relative stability of Araucaria pollen after several tephra fall suggests no change in its past distribution at the current forest‐steppe ecotone, thus not affecting its current conservation status. Perhaps, random factors, the colonization patterns of the high elevations in the Andes after deglaciation and topography might play a more important role than previously thought.

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Community development by forest understory plants after prolonged burial by tephra

2022

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Volcano Ecology: State of the Field and Contributions of Mount St. Helens Research

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Secondary disturbance following a deposit of volcanic tephra: a 30-year record from old-growth forest understory

Secondary disturbance following a deposit of volcanic tephra: a 30-year record from old-growth forest understory

Vegetation responses to past volcanic disturbances at the Araucaria araucana forest‐steppe ecotone in northern Patagonia

Community development by forest understory plants after prolonged burial by tephra

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