Volitional control of saccadic adaptation

Heins, Frauke; Meermeier, Annegret; Lappe, Markus

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210020

Cited by 6 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our results add to the growing evidence that task demands, pending actions, and intentions can modulate saccade adaptation in a top-down manner ( Heins et al, 2019 ; Madelain et al, 2011 ; Schütz et al, 2014 ; Schütz & Souto, 2015 ). In this view, target selection is the process that drives post-saccadic error evaluation and saccade adaptation ( Schütz & Souto, 2015 ; Wagner et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Thus, humans can voluntarily choose which target to adapt to. Humans can even voluntarily prevent their saccade amplitude from adapting to a visual error when this is necessary to achieve a task goal ( Heins, Meermeier, & Lappe, 2019 ). These findings, taken together with further studies highlighting the importance of task demands ( Schütz et al, 2014 ) and error evaluation ( Wagner, Wolf, & Schütz, 2021 ) on saccadic adaptation or impending goal-directed motor actions on eye movements ( Hayhoe, 2000 ; Land, Mennie, & Rusted, 1999 ), indicate that bottom-up and top-down signals converge to define the appropriate oculomotor behavior (for a review see Souto & Schütz, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible use of post-saccadic visual feedback in oculomotor learning

Heins¹,

Lappe²

2022

Journal of Vision

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Saccadic eye movements bring objects of interest onto our fovea. These gaze shifts are essential for visual perception of our environment and the interaction with the objects within it. They precede our actions and are thus modulated by current goals. It is assumed that saccadic adaptation, a recalibration process that restores saccade accuracy in case of error, is mainly based on an implicit comparison of expected and actual post-saccadic position of the target on the retina. However, there is increasing evidence that task demands modulate saccade adaptation and that errors in task performance may be sufficient to induce changes to saccade amplitude. We investigated if human participants are able to flexibly use different information sources within the post-saccadic visual feedback in task-dependent fashion. Using intra-saccadic manipulation of the visual input, participants were either presented with congruent post-saccadic information, indicating the saccade target unambiguously, or incongruent post-saccadic information, creating conflict between two possible target objects. Using different task instructions, we found that participants were able to modify their saccade behavior such that they achieved the goal of the task. They succeeded in decreasing saccade gain or maintaining it, depending on what was necessary for the task, irrespective of whether the post-saccadic feedback was congruent or incongruent. It appears that action intentions prime task-relevant feature dimensions and thereby facilitated the selection of the relevant information within the post-saccadic image. Thus, participants use post-saccadic feedback flexibly, depending on their intentions and pending actions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible use of post-saccadic visual feedback in oculomotor learning

Heins¹,

Lappe²

2022

Journal of Vision

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“…The close link between saccadic adaptation and spatial perception indicates that either adaptive changes to perceived location follow adaptation of saccade amplitude or adaptive changes to perceived location contribute to the development of amplitude adaptation. To investigate this question, we employed a recently developed paradigm of inhibition of saccadic adaptation ( Heins, Meermeier, & Lappe, 2019 ). In this paradigm, participants are exposed to the same sequence of events as in regular double-step saccadic adaptation, but they are instructed to saccade only to the initial target location and remain there even if the target were to move again.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paradigm, participants are exposed to the same sequence of events as in regular double-step saccadic adaptation, but they are instructed to saccade only to the initial target location and remain there even if the target were to move again. In this paradigm, participants were able to inhibit any changes to saccadic amplitude for outward target steps and to strongly reduce changes to saccade amplitude for inward target steps ( Heins et al, 2019 ). The successful inhibition of adaptive changes to the saccade amplitude following outward adaptation went along with an increase in saccadic latency, presumably reflecting an effort to suppress a reflexive saccade to the target and reprogram the saccade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mislocalization after inhibition of saccadic adaptation

Heins¹,

Lappe²

2022

Journal of Vision

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Saccadic eye movements are often imprecise and result in an error between expected and actual retinal target location after the saccade. Repeated experience of this error produces changes in saccade amplitude to reduce the error and concomitant changes in apparent visual location. We investigated the relationship between these two plastic processes in a series of experiments. Following a recent paradigm of inhibition of saccadic adaptation, in which participants are instructed to look at the initial target position and to continue to look at that position even if the target were to move again, our participants nevertheless perceived a visual probe presented near the saccade target to be shifted in direction of the target error. The location percept of the target gradually shifted and diverged over time from the executed saccade. Our findings indicate that changes in perceived location can be the same even when changes in saccade amplitude differ according to instruction and can develop even when the amplitude of the saccades executed during the adaptation procedure does not change. There are two possible explanations for this divergence between the adaptation states of saccade amplitude and perceived location. Either the intrasaccadic target step might trigger updating of the association between pre- and post-saccadic target positions, causing the localization shift, or the saccade motor command adjusts together with the perceived location at a common adaptation site, downstream from which voluntary control is exerted upon the executed eye movement only.

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“…Recent studies have highlighted the contribution of behavioral goals for saccade adaptation. For example, adaptation can be voluntarily inhibited in the presence of a postsaccadic error, at least for forward adaptation (Heins, Meermeier, & Lappe, 2019). Moreover, saccade adaptation can be induced in the absence of a bottom-up visual error, either by reinforcement (Madelain, Paeye, & Wallman, 2011) or by the presence of a perceptual task (Schütz, Kerzel, & Souto, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition between salience and informational value for saccade adaptation

2019

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What we see is influenced by where we look. When confronted with multiple relevant targets, inaccurate saccade target selection can impair perceptual performance. Here we ask whether endpoint selection can be optimized by the mechanism maintaining saccade accuracy: saccade adaptation. Therefore, we introduce a double-target adaptation task, where a presaccadic peripheral stimulus (plaid) splits vertically into its two components (Gabor patches) during horizontal saccades. While both targets were task-relevant, one of them provided more information for the perceptual task, because it could only be identified after the saccade with near-foveal vision. The other target was highly salient and could also be identified in the presaccadic plaid using peripheral vision. This double-target paradigm induced saccade adaptation: Without a perceptual task, participants adapted to the salient target. When both targets were judged sequentially, participants mostly adapted to the target they had to judge first. When targets were judged simultaneously, endpoints were biased toward the informative target but showed no gradual learning and fell short of optimality. We observed gradual adaptation when targets shifted randomly such that a strategic adjustment of endpoints was not possible. Overall, these findings show that when multiple targets compete, our oculomotor system can learn to adjust endpoints in order to maximize information for perception. Yet individual variability and other factors affecting target priority play a crucial role.

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Volitional control of saccadic adaptation

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Flexible use of post-saccadic visual feedback in oculomotor learning

Flexible use of post-saccadic visual feedback in oculomotor learning

Mislocalization after inhibition of saccadic adaptation

Competition between salience and informational value for saccade adaptation

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