Voltammetric Analysis of Cephalexin and Cefazoline in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Biological Samples

Abstract

This study presents the use of disposable pencil graphite electrode to investigate the electrochemical behaviors and voltammetric determination of cephalexin and cefazolin in phosphate buffer at different pH values (4.5-6.0). Sample analysis was performed in phosphate buffer at the optimum medium determined for each sample. Validation parameters were studied to show the correctness, sensitivity, and consistency of the method developed for the cephalosporins. It was concluded that disposable pencil graphite electrode could be used effectively in the determination of cephalosporins. The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) were found to be 0.117 mM and 0.293 mM, for cephalexin and cefazolin, respectively. The analysis of these compounds in pharmaceutical formulations and in human blood serum and urine samples was carried out at defined optimum conditions.

Electrochemical Nano-Imprinting of Trimetallic Dendritic Surface for Ultrasensitive Detection of Cephalexin in Pharmaceutical Formulations

“…Instrumental methods include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with mass spectrometry, HPLC coupled with ultraviolet detection (UV), molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with UV spectrophotometry and HPLC. However, each of the chromatographic techniques mentioned above requires a complex set of operating procedures, skilled staff, and a substantial amount of dangerous chemicals [ 10 ]. Several fluorescent sensors have been designed to date for the sensitive and rapid detection of analytes.…”

Highly Specific Voltammetric Detection of Cephalexin in Tablet Formulations and Human Urine Samples Using a Poly(2,4,6-2′,4′,6′-hexanitrodiphenylamine)-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…A few studies have been conducted on CLN’s electrochemical behavior in diverse real samples at various modified electrode surfaces, including a pencil graphite electrode, poly(resorcinol)/GCE, a heated glassy carbon electrode (HGCE), a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), a mercury electrode, and a bare boron-doped diamond electrode . The majority of these reported electrochemical techniques require the use of expensive modifiers like Au nanoparticles with complex preparation procedures and mercury as a working electrode, making them still not ecologically friendly.…”

Biogenic green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using oat biomass for ultrasensitive modified polymeric sensors

“…Various analytical methods were reported in the literature for the quantification of Cephalexin monohydrate in its commercial products such as reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (23), UV-spectrophotometry (24), spectrofluorimetry (25). Also, electrochemical methods were addressed including, voltammetry (26) and potentiometry (27)(28).…”

“…Methods of analysis have been reported for CFZ quantification in commercial formulations including, spectroscopic analysis using spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry (31)(32), chemiluminescence (33), densitometry (34) and high-performance liquid chromatography (35). Few reports were concerned with the electrochemical determination of CFZ using voltammetry and potentiometry (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36).…”