Voltammetric Chloride Sensing Based on Trace-Level Mercury Impregnation Into Amine-Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticle Films

Carbon-based quantum particles: an electroanalytical and biomedical perspective

“…159 It has to be noted however, that in the case of electrochemical sensors, next to CQDs and GQDs, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), not discussed here, have found wider use and the readers are referened to some of the papers on this topic. 18,19,78,[160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168] CQDs are now seen as crucial components in high performing electrochemical sensors as witnessed by the vast literature of the last 5 years summarized partially in Table 2. They can be used as a multivalent redox species using cyclic voltammetry and differential puls voltammetry (DPV) measurements as exemplified by Shinde and Pillai 169 who showed a sequential, single-electron charging process of GQDs encapsulated in dodecylamine of about 2.2-3 nm in size.…”

In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Monitoring of Dye Bleaching after Electrogeneration of Chlorine-Based Species: Application to Chloride Detection

“…Thus, it is difficult to resolve both processes and perform the quantification of chloride in a precise way by direct electrochemistry. Alternative approaches have been developed to avoid this fact such as the use of ionic liquids. , Another possibility is to indirectly detect chloride by interaction with other electroactive species such as mercury or, the most employed, silver. ,, The interaction chloride–metal changes the potential of the oxidation/reduction processes of the metal, and some discrimination is possible. For instance, the formation of insoluble AgCl, which facilitates the oxidation of Ag 0 or inhibits the reduction of Ag I compared to the processes involving the soluble silver species (Ag + ), has been widely employed for chloride detection.…”

“…Alternative approaches have been developed to avoid this fact such as the use of ionic liquids. 17,18 Another possibility is to indirectly detect chloride by interaction with other electroactive species such as mercury 19 or, the most employed, silver. 3,20,21 The interaction chloride−metal changes the potential of the oxidation/reduction processes of the metal, and some discrimination is possible.…”