Voltammetric detection with gradient elution for open tubular liquid chromatography

Recovery of voltammograms by target factor analysis of current-time data in electrochemical detection

“…In this example the background is approximately constant over the measurement period. However if there is a changing background overlapping the stationary background and the signal, for example when gradient elution is used, (19), the natural symmetric nature of the current-time curve allows easy rotation of the data matrix to reveal the true factors. Other slowly varying background signals, such as those caused by oxygen, could also be found and eliminated by using this method characterizing the changing background with a third factor.…”

High performance liquid chromatography

“…A variety of injection systems have been reported, including those of split injection, internal loop-rotary valve, 'micro feeder' and pneumatic micro syringes [130]. A variety of injection systems have been reported, including those of split injection, internal loop-rotary valve, 'micro feeder' and pneumatic micro syringes [130].…”

Multichannel electrochemical detection with microelectrode array in flowing streams

“…This method usually requires a rapid potential scan to detect species in flowing streams, resulting in an increase in the background due to the large charging current and in distortion of voltammetric shape. To overcome this problem, several techniques have been reported, including square-wave voltammetry (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), staircase voltammetry (13)(14)(15), normal (15) and differential pulse technique (16), microdisk and microfiber voltammetry (15,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), coulostatic detection (22, 23), and a combination of voltammetric and amperometric detection using a dual-electrode detector (24,25).…”