Voltammetric determination of human papillomavirus 16 DNA by using interdigitated electrodes modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Voltammetric determination of human papillomavirus 16 DNA by using interdigitated electrodes modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles ABSTRACT A gene sensor for rapid detection of the Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) which is associated with the appearance of cervical cancer was developed. The assay is based on voltammetric determination of HPV 16 DNA by using interdigitated electrodes modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) were used to modify a semiconductor-based interdigitated electrode (IDE). The surface of the NPs was then functionalized with a commercial 24-mer oligomer DNA probe for HPV 16 that was modified at the 5′ end with a carboxyl group. If the probe interacts with the HPV 16 ssDNA, the current, best measured at a working voltage of 1.0 V, increases. The gene sensor has has a ∼ 0.1 fM limit of detection which is comparable to other sensors. The dielectric voltammetry analysis was carried out from 0 V to 1 V. The electrochemical sensitivity of the IDE is 2.5 × 10⁻⁵ μA•μM⁻¹•cm⁻². Graphical abstract Schematic of an interdigitated electrode (IDE) modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles for voltammetric determination of HPV 16 DNA by using an appropriate DNA probe.

Interdigitated Electrode Biosensor Based on Plasma-Deposited TiO2 Nanoparticles for Detecting DNA

“…The aim of silanization using APTES is to modify the TiO 2 layer by the hydrolyzation of -OH group on the surface of TiO 2 NPs and form siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si) to immobilize the probe DNA at the surface of TiO 2 NPs. The silane layer formed over TiO 2 can be thin and uniform because APTES is fragile and can be easily washed away by the buffer solution [34][35][36][37][38]42].…”

“…To prepare the active layer, the surface of the TiO 2 NPs layer was functionalized with 0.02 M APTES by self-assembly inside a fume hood [34][35][36][37][38]. Next, 25 µL of APTES was dropped onto the surface of the TiO 2 -NPs-based transducer and stayed for 3 h in a drying cabinet followed by washing the unreacted APTES with deionized water (DI, > 18 MΩ).…”

“…The oligonucleotide stock solutions (10 µM) were prepared using deionized ultrapure water (>18 MΩ). The probe oligonucleotide was immobilized on the surface of the TiO 2 -NPs-deposited Pt IDE by dropping 2.0 µL of the probe oligonucleotide solution and spreading according to the previously reported method [34][35][36][37][38]. Remaining unbound probe DNA was removed by rinsing with deionized water.…”

Advancements and Future Predictions on Diagnostic Approaches towards Cervical Cancer through Nanotechnology-Based Sensors for the Detection of Human Papillomavirus

“…The detection is on voltammetric determination of HPV 16 DNA by utilizing interdigitated electrodes with titanium dioxide nanoparticles modification. This gene-based sensor has a detection limit of ∼ 0.1 fM [54]. An impedimetric HPV DNA-based biosensor dependent on gold nanotubes (AuNTs) in label free detection was developed.…”

Ultra-Sensitive Immuno-Sensing Platform Based on Gold-Coated Interdigitated Electrodes for the Detection of Parathion

“…IDEs consist of two interlocking but separated metal plates, with each having several individual digits which overlap with those of the other section, essentially creating the same structure as micro/nano-fabricated capacitors [12]. Applying a voltage to IDEs, either AC or DC, creates an electric field between the digits.…”