Volume of carotid bodies and cardiac autonomic function in patients with essential hypertension

Jaźwiec, Przemysław; Gać, Paweł; Jurdziak, Marta; Poręba, Małgorzata; Mazur, Grzegorz; Sobieszczańska, Małgorzata; Poręba, Rafał

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2015.03.002

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There is plenty of evidence on CB dysfunction in HT, and some studies advocate an upregulation of sympathetic effects on blood pressure and ventilatory control, beyond hypoxic-hypercapnic stimulus . [ 31 , 36 , 64 ] Evidence of modulation of CB by meditation is an important step in establishing connections between anti-stress treatment and CB dysfunction, which could explain, for instance, the inter-individual variability of responses to hypoxia/hypercapnia in the presence of chronic hyperventilation syndrome. [ 65 , 66 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus gray matter have been shown to change with yoga/meditation. [22][23][24][25] Interestingly, hypertonicity of the CB [12,[26][27][28][29] and increased size and weight of the CB [30][31][32][33][34][35] are common findings in HT. However, inconsistent evidence has revealed a decrease in systemic blood pressure (BP) through CB deactivation in response to hyperoxia in hypertensive subjects, [36][37][38] suggesting that hyperactivity of the CB may be mechanistically associated with sympathetic dysregulation.…”

Section: Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Carotid-body modulation through meditation in stage-I hypertensive subjects: Study protocol of a randomized and controlled study

et al. 2023

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Adjunctive therapy for hypertension is in high demand for clinical research. Therefore, several meta-analyses have provided sufficient evidence for meditation as an adjunct therapy, without being anchored on reliable physiological grounds. Meditation modulates the autonomic nervous system. Herein, we propose a hierarchical-dependent effect for the carotid body (CB) in attenuating blood pressure (BP) and ventilatory variability (VV) fine-tuning due to known nerve connections between the CB, prefrontal brain, hypothalamus, and solitary tract nucleus. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the role of CB in the possible decrease in BP and changes in VV that could occur in response to meditation. This was a prospective, single-center, parallelgroup, randomized, controlled clinical trial with concealed allocation. Eligible adult subjects of both sexes with stage 1 hypertension will be randomized into 1 of 2 groups: transcendental meditation or a control group. Subjects will be invited to 3 visits after randomization and 2 additional visits after completing 8 weeks of meditation or waiting-list control. Thus, subjects will undergo BP measurements in normoxia and hyperoxia, VV measurements using the Poincaré method at rest and during exercise, and CB activity measurement in the laboratory. The primary outcome of this study was the detection of changes in BP and CB activity after 8 weeks. Our secondary outcome was the detection of changes in the VV at rest and during exercise. We predict that interactions between hyperoxic deactivation of CB and meditation; Will reduce BP beyond stand-alone intervention or alternatively; Meditation will significantly attenuate the effects of hyperoxia as a stand-alone intervention. In addition, VV can be changed, partially mediated by a reduction in CB activity. Trial registration number: ReBEC registry (RBR-55n74zm). Stage: pre-results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid-body modulation through meditation in stage-I hypertensive subjects: Study protocol of a randomized and controlled study

et al. 2023

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Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and the Carotid Arteries Calcification Index in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Gać

Jaźwiec²,

Mazur

et al. 2016

Cardiovasc Toxicol

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The arteries calcification index is a quantitative, mathematically estimated parameter characterizing the total amount of calcium within atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of arteries. The objective is to determine a relationship between exposure to cigarette smoke and the carotid arteries calcification index in patients with essential hypertension. The tested group included 66 patients with essential hypertension: 19 active smokers (subgroup A), 20 non-smokers, environmentally exposed to cigarette smoke (subgroup B) and 27 persons without exposure to cigarette smoke (subgroup C). The tested group was subjected to computed tomography angiography of carotid arteries. Evaluation of the carotid arteries calcification indexes was conducted. The average value of the total calcification index of the carotid arteries (CAci) amounted to 368.28 ± 384.21. In subgroup A and B in relation to subgroup C, CAci was significantly higher. In summary, active and passive smoking in patients with essential hypertension may be associated with a higher calcification index of carotid arteries.

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Evaluating the carotid bodies and renal nerves as therapeutic targets for hypertension

McBryde

Hart

Ramchandra

et al. 2017

Autonomic Neuroscience

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University of Bristol -Explore Bristol Research General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Despite the plethora of current treatment options, hypertension remains a difficult condition to 12 adequately control, and there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic strategies. The carotid body 13 has recently become the focus of considerable interest as a potential novel treatment target in 14 essential hypertension. Herein, we appraise the current literature suggesting that the carotid body 15 plays an important causative role to generate sympathetic overactivity and drive increases in arterial 16 pressure, in animal models of hypertension. We also review evidence from human studies showing 17 cardiovascular benefits to the transient inactivation, or surgical removal of carotid bodies, and 18 evaluate the potential benefits of pre-screening to identify patients likely to respond to carotid 19 body-targeted therapy. Finally, given that a high proportion of patients who have undergone renal 20 nerve ablation procedures remain hypertensive, we examine whether the renal nerves are necessary 21 for the drop in blood pressure seen with carotid body removal. 22 23

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Volume of carotid bodies and cardiac autonomic function in patients with essential hypertension

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Carotid-body modulation through meditation in stage-I hypertensive subjects: Study protocol of a randomized and controlled study

Carotid-body modulation through meditation in stage-I hypertensive subjects: Study protocol of a randomized and controlled study

Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and the Carotid Arteries Calcification Index in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Evaluating the carotid bodies and renal nerves as therapeutic targets for hypertension

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