Volume-Pressure Relations of the Respiratory System of Curarized Infants

Nightingale, David; Richards, Charles C.

doi:10.1097/00000542-196511000-00003

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…However, the remarkable agreement between our data and those where muscle relaxation is achieved either by reflex stimulation (multiple occlusion technique (MOT)) [26], or by pharmacological means [27] (table 5), suggests that respiratory muscle activity does not play an important role when weighted spirometry is applied. To some extent, the interpretation of respiratory system compliance is hampered by the fact that it comprises both chest wall and lung compliance; unlike oesophageal manometry, which exclusively provides an estimate of lung compliance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…With few exceptions, they were studied during the first year of life. The methods applied varied: weighted spirometry [14], multiple occlusion technique [25,26], and measurement of chord compliance from a single inflation in curarized infants [27]. In the ANOVA, we regressed log compliance on crown-heel length.…”

Section: Analysis Of Data On Respiratory System Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary function during the first year of life in healthy infants born prematurely

Merth¹,

Winter²,

Borsboom³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

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P Pu ul lm mo on na ar ry y f fu un nc ct ti io on n d du ur ri in ng g t th he e f fi ir rs st t y ye ea ar r o of f l li if fe e i in n h he ea al lt th hy y i in nf fa an nt ts s b bo or rn n p pr re em ma at tu ur re el ly y ABSTRACT: Premature birth is associated with increased respiratory morbidity. We investigated cross-sectionally, in 69 healthy infants who had never had cardiorespiratory problems, whether premature birth is associated with diminished pulmonary function. The study comprised 26 healthy infants born prematurely (PT), median gestational age 32 (26-36) weeks, and 43 healthy controls born full-term (FT), median gestational age 40 (37-42) weeks. Static respiratory system compliance (Crs) was assessed by weighted spirometry, combined with the measurement of the functional residual capacity by closed circuit helium dilution (FRCHe) and with assessment of ventilation distribution from the mixing index (MI). Repeatability of these indices was also assessed.Premature and full-term infants had the same length-corrected FRCHe; their Crs was different, but the difference disappeared when gestational age was taken into account. Mixing index was unrelated to body size and was not different between full-term and premature infants. Crown-heel length and lung volume were not different for any postconceptional age. However, infants born prematurely were smaller and had smaller lung volume at any postnatal age compared to those born at term. Repeatability of the indices was fair.These findings suggest that gestational age <37 weeks is associated with normal respiratory system mechanics for body size, and normal distribution of ventilation in healthy infants who never had cardiorespiratory problems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Analysis Of Data On Respiratory System Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary function during the first year of life in healthy infants born prematurely

Merth¹,

Winter²,

Borsboom³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

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“…The mechanical characteristics of the neonatal respiratory system have been well studied during tidal breathing and at frequencies up to the current limits of standard assisted ventilation (1)(2)(3)(4). Factors such as resistance, compliance, and inertance are undefined, however, in the frequency range used during small tidal volume, high frequency ventilation (HFV).'…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory system impedance from 4 to 40 Hz in paralyzed intubated infants with respiratory disease.

Dorkin¹,

Stark²,

Werthammer³

et al. 1983

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T To describe the mechanical characteristics of the respiratory system in intubated neonates with respiratory disease, we measured impedance and resistance in six paralyzed intubated infants with respiratory distress syndrome, three of whom also had pulmonary interstitial emphysema. We subtracted the effects of the endotracheal tube after showing that such subtraction was valid. Oscillatory flow was generated from 4 to 40 Hz by a loudspeaker, airway pressure was measured, and flow was calculated from pressure changes in an airtight enclosure mounted behind the flow source (speaker plethysmograph). After subtraction of the endotracheal tube contribution, resistance ranged from 22 to 34 cmH2O liter-' s; compliance from 0.22 to 0.68 ml/cmH2O; and inertance from 0.0056 to 0.047 cmH20 liter-' s2. Our results indicate that, for these intubated infants, the mechanics of the respiratory system are well described as resistance, compliance, and inertance in series. Most of the inertance, some of the resistance, and little of the compliance are due to the endotracheal tube. When the contribution of the endotracheal tube is subtracted, the results are descriptive of the subglottal respiratory system. These data characterize the neonatal respiratory system of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (with or without pulmonary interstitial emphysema) in the range of frequencies used during high frequency ventilation.

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“…Other authors (Kovanev & Khmelevsky, 1964;Boutros, 1965;Neill & Nixon, 1965;Nightingale & Richards, 1965) have used even larger doses, between 25 and 45 mg (04A-09 mg/kg) and in the General Hospital of Kurnool Medical College, 30 mg tubocurarine is given routinely in general anaesthesia to produce muscle relaxation under controlled respiration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passage of intravenously administered tubocurarine into the liquor space in man and dog

Devasankaraiah

Haranath

Krishnamurty

1973

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. In anaesthetized patients under controlled respiration, samples of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid were withdrawn 15 and 60 min after an intravenous injection of 30 mg tubocurarine. When tested on the frog rectus muscle preparation contracted by acetylcholine, they exerted curare-like activity which corresponded to between 0 05 and 0-33 ,ug/ml tubocurarine. 2. In dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium and artificially ventilated, two procedures were adopted to find out if tubocurarine passes into the liquor space after an intravenous injection of 0-3 or 3 mg/kg and during its intravenous infusion at a rate of 10 (jug/kg)/minute. Either samples of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) were collected, or different regions of the liquor space were perfused with artificial c.s.f. and the effluent was collected. The samples of c.s.f. and the effluent were assayed for curare-like activity on the frog rectus muscle. 3. After the intravenous injection of tubocurarine samples of cisternal effluent collected during perfusion from lateral ventricle to cisterna exerted curare-like activity. It corresponded to 20 ng/min tubocurarine in the sample collected during the first 15 min after the injection of 0 3 mg/kg and to 40-60 ng/min in the samples collected up to 2 h after the injection of 3 mg/kg. 4 During intravenous infusion of tubocurarine the cisternal c.s.f. as well as the effluent from the perfused regions of the liquor space exhibited curare-like activity. Expressed in equivalents of tubocurarine, the activity in the cisternal c.s.f. ranged from between 0-1 and 0-75 ,ug/ml. On perfusion from lateral ventricle to aqueduct or cistema, the activity ranged from between 3 and 25 ng/min in the aqueductal and from between 4 and 40 ng/min in the cisternal effluent. On perfusion from the lumbar-spinal subarachnoid space to cisterna it ranged from between 6 and 55 ng/min in the cisternal effluent.

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Volume-Pressure Relations of the Respiratory System of Curarized Infants

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Pulmonary function during the first year of life in healthy infants born prematurely

Pulmonary function during the first year of life in healthy infants born prematurely

Respiratory system impedance from 4 to 40 Hz in paralyzed intubated infants with respiratory disease.

Passage of intravenously administered tubocurarine into the liquor space in man and dog

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