Voluntary exercise contributed to an amelioration of abnormal feeding behavior, locomotor activity and ghrelin production concomitantly with a weight reduction in high fat diet-induced obese rats

Mifune, Hiroharu; Tajiri, Yuji; Nishi, Yoshihisa; Hara, Kimihiko; Iwata, Shimpei; Tokubuchi, Ichiro; Mitsuzono, Ryoichi; Yamada, Kentaro; Kojima, Masayasu

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.06.007

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Like our current study, a set of experiments by Mifune et al (2015) investigating the effects of chow and HFD on SPA and running wheel activity found a decrease in SPA during the dark cycle in animals on HFD. Although this study also found an increase in SPA during the light cycle, the data appear to support our overall conclusion that total 24 h activity is reduced during access to HFD [12]. Mifune et al (2015) also found an overall decrease in total energy expenditure in animals on HFD, which is in agreement with the results from our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Orexin activation counteracts decreases in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) caused by high-fat diet

Bunney

Zink

Holm

et al. 2017

Physiology & Behavior

1,330

637

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Overweight and obesity result from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, including expenditure from spontaneous physical activity (SPA). Changes in SPA and resulting changes in non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) likely interact with diet to influence risk for obesity. However, previous research on the relationship between diet, physical activity, and energy expenditure has been mixed. The neuropeptide orexin is a driver of SPA, and orexin neuron activity can be manipulated using DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs). We hypothesized that HFD decreases SPA and NEAT, and that DREADD-mediated activation of orexin neuron signaling would abolish this decrease and produce an increase in NEAT instead. To test these ideas, we characterized behaviors to determine the extent to which access to a high-fat diet (HFD) influences the proportion and probability of engaging in food intake and activity. We then measured NEAT following access to HFD and following a DREADD intervention targeting orexin neurons. Two cohorts of orexin-cre male mice were injected with an excitatory DREADD virus into the caudal hypothalamus, where orexin neurons are concentrated. Mice were then housed in continuous metabolic phenotyping cages (Sable Promethion). Food intake, indirect calorimetry, and SPA were automatically measured every second. For cohort 1 (n=8), animals were given access to chow, then switched to HFD. For cohort 2 (n=4/group), half of the animals were given access to HFD, the other access to chow. Then, among animals on HFD, orexin neurons were activated following injections of clozapine n-oxide (CNO). Mice on HFD spent significantly less time eating (p<0.01) and more time inactive compared to mice on chow (p<0.01). Following a meal, mice on HFD were significantly more likely to engage in periods of inactivity compared to those on chow (p<0.05). NEAT was decreased in animals on HFD, and was increased to the NEAT level of control animals following activation of orexin neurons with DREADDs. Food intake (kilocalories) was not significantly different between mice on chow and HFD, yet mice on chow expended more energy per unit of SPA, relative to that in mice consuming HFD. These results suggest that HFD consumption reduces SPA and NEAT, and increases inactivity following a meal. Together, the data suggest a change in the efficiency of energy expenditure based upon diet, such that SPA during HFD burns fewer calories compared to SPA on a standard chow diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Orexin activation counteracts decreases in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) caused by high-fat diet

Bunney

Zink

Holm

et al. 2017

Physiology & Behavior

1,330

637

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2A ). These findings are in agreement with previous study [ 25 ], which reported body weight reduction with voluntary wheel running compared with non-voluntary wheel running for 12 weeks, suggesting that the reduction in body weight may remarkably inhibit food intake and promote an increase in stress hormone levels. To confirm these findings, we assessed the food intake, and investigated the changes in corticosterone hormone levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Voluntary stand-up physical activity enhances endurance exercise capacity in rats

Seo

Lee

Kwak

et al. 2016

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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Involuntary physical activity induced by the avoidance of electrical shock leads to improved endurance exercise capacity in animals. However, it remains unknown whether voluntary stand-up physical activity (SPA) without forced simulating factors improves endurance exercise capacity in animals. We examined the eff ects of SPA on body weight, cardiac function, and endurance exercise capacity for 12 weeks. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8 weeks, n=6 per group) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or a voluntary SPA group. The rats were induced to perform voluntary SPA (lifting a load equal to their body weight), while the food height (18.0 cm) in cages was increased progressively by 3.5 every 4 weeks until it reached 28.5 cm for 12 weeks. The SPA group showed a lower body weight compared to the CON group, but voluntary SPA did not affect the skeletal muscle and heart weights, food intake, and echocardiography results. Although the SPA group showed higher grip strength, running time, and distance compared to the CON group, the level of irisin, corticosterone, genetic expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, and nuclei numbers were not affected. These findings show that voluntary SPA without any forced stimuli in rats can eff ectively reduce body weight and enhance endurance exercise capacity, suggesting that it may be an important alternative strategy to enhance endurance exercise capacity.

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“…Nevertheless, the main behavioral output most influenced by HFD is feeding behavior. In rodents, HFDs alter feeding patterns; they change from eating consolidated large meals, under normal chow feeding conditions, to small, but frequent meals, which increase in number and may extend into the resting period, under HFD conditions [ 281 , 316 , 318 , 319 ]. These changes in feeding patterns result in the desynchronization of energy intake and expenditure [ 320 ].…”

Section: Feeding Pattern (When We Eat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Controlling the Quality of Feeding Behavior: Diet Selection and Feeding Patterns

Sasaki

2017

Nutrients

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We are what we eat. There are three aspects of feeding: what, when, and how much. These aspects represent the quantity (how much) and quality (what and when) of feeding. The quantitative aspect of feeding has been studied extensively, because weight is primarily determined by the balance between caloric intake and expenditure. In contrast, less is known about the mechanisms that regulate the qualitative aspects of feeding, although they also significantly impact the control of weight and health. However, two aspects of feeding quality relevant to weight loss and weight regain are discussed in this review: macronutrient-based diet selection (what) and feeding pattern (when). This review covers the importance of these two factors in controlling weight and health, and the central mechanisms that regulate them. The relatively limited and fragmented knowledge on these topics indicates that we lack an integrated understanding of the qualitative aspects of feeding behavior. To promote better understanding of weight control, research efforts must focus more on the mechanisms that control the quality and quantity of feeding behavior. This understanding will contribute to improving dietary interventions for achieving weight control and for preventing weight regain following weight loss.

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Voluntary exercise contributed to an amelioration of abnormal feeding behavior, locomotor activity and ghrelin production concomitantly with a weight reduction in high fat diet-induced obese rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Orexin activation counteracts decreases in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) caused by high-fat diet

Orexin activation counteracts decreases in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) caused by high-fat diet

Voluntary stand-up physical activity enhances endurance exercise capacity in rats

Neural and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Controlling the Quality of Feeding Behavior: Diet Selection and Feeding Patterns

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