Volunteer studies in pain research — Opportunities and challenges to replace animal experiments

Langley, Chris; Aziz, Qasim; Bountra, C.; Gordon, Nicky; Hawkins, Penny; Jones, Anthony K.P.; Langley, Gill; Nurmikko, Turo; Tracey, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.030

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Microdialysis may be able to www.intechopen.com replace animal experiments (Langley et al, 2008). The microdialysis technique offers a wellestablished in vivo method for studying the local biochemistry of individual tissues in the body (Ungerstedt, 1991), e.g., nociceptive and metabolic mechanisms.…”

Section: The Microdialysis Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Muscle Biomarkers of Chronic Myalgia in Humans - A Systematic Review of Microdialysis Studies

Gerdle¹,

Larsson²

2012

Biomarker

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Section: The Microdialysis Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Muscle Biomarkers of Chronic Myalgia in Humans - A Systematic Review of Microdialysis Studies

Gerdle¹,

Larsson²

2012

Biomarker

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“…Ideally, we would not need animal studies to further define brain systems involved in pain and analgesia (see (Langley et al, 2008)). The necessity of animal models in pain research has recently been reviewed (Mogil et al, 2010) and supports the complementary role, inherent advantages and relevance of translation that animal models may afford.…”

Section: Closing the Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNS animal fMRI in pain and analgesia

Borsook

Becerra

2011

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Animal imaging of brain systems offers exciting opportunities to better understand the neurobiology of pain and analgesia. Overall functional studies have lagged behind human studies as a result of technical issues including the use of anesthesia. Now that many of these issues have been overcome including the possibility of imaging awake animals, there are new opportunities to study whole brain systems neurobiology of acute and chronic pain as well as analgesic effects on brain systems de novo (using pharmacological MRI) or testing in animal models of pain. Understanding brain networks in these areas may provide new insights into translational science, and use neural networks as a "language of translation" between preclinical to clinical models. In this review we evaluate the role of functional and anatomical imaging in furthering our understanding in pain and analgesia.

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“…Our current understanding of mechanisms underlying trigeminal stimulus processing is derived mostly from animal models (for review see Langley et al, 2008; Mogil, 2009). In both animals and humans, the nasal mucosa is innervated by the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve, which transfers information about a painful stimulus to trigeminal nuclei in the spinal cord (Anton et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuronal correlates of intranasal trigeminal function—an ALE meta-analysis of human functional brain imaging data

Albrecht

Kopietz

Frasnelli

et al. 2010

Brain Research Reviews

113

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Almost every odor we encounter in daily life has the capacity to produce a trigeminal sensation. Surprisingly, few functional imaging studies exploring human neuronal correlates of intranasal trigeminal function exist, and results are to some degree inconsistent. We utilized activation likelihood estimation (ALE), a quantitative voxel-based meta-analysis tool, to analyze functional imaging data (fMRI/PET) following intranasal trigeminal stimulation with carbon dioxide (CO2), a stimulus known to exclusively activate the trigeminal system. Meta-analysis tools are able to identify activations common across studies, thereby enabling activation mapping with higher certainty. Activation foci of nine studies utilizing trigeminal stimulation were included in the meta-analysis. We found significant ALE scores, thus indicating consistent activation across studies, in the brainstem, ventrolateral posterior thalamic nucleus, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, precentral gyrus, as well as in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices – a network known for the processing of intranasal nociceptive stimuli. Significant ALE values were also observed in the piriform cortex, insula, and the orbitofrontal cortex, areas known to process chemosensory stimuli, and in association cortices. Additionally, the trigeminal ALE statistics were directly compared with ALE statistics originating from olfactory stimulation, demonstrating considerable overlap in activation. In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis map the human neuronal correlates of intranasal trigeminal stimulation with high statistical certainty and demonstrate that the cortical areas recruited during the processing of intranasal CO2 stimuli include those outside traditional trigeminal areas. Moreover, through illustrations of the considerable overlap between brain areas that process trigeminal and olfactory information; these results demonstrate the interconnectivity of flavor processing.

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Volunteer studies in pain research — Opportunities and challenges to replace animal experiments

Cited by 38 publications

References 59 publications

Potential Muscle Biomarkers of Chronic Myalgia in Humans - A Systematic Review of Microdialysis Studies

Potential Muscle Biomarkers of Chronic Myalgia in Humans - A Systematic Review of Microdialysis Studies

CNS animal fMRI in pain and analgesia

The neuronal correlates of intranasal trigeminal function—an ALE meta-analysis of human functional brain imaging data

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