Vortical structures in pool fires: Observation, speculation, and simulation

Tieszen, Sheldon R.; Nicolette, V.F.; Gritzo, Louis A.; Moya, J.L.; Holen, Jarle; Murray, Darina B.

doi:10.2172/414306

Cited by 42 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…To assess the extent of the potential dispersion from an LNG spill, we used VULCAN, a validated CFD model [Tieszen, et al 1996]. The VULCAN fire field model under development at Sandia National Laboratories was derived from the KAMELEON Fire model in collaboration with SINTEF and Computational Industry Technologies, AS (Norway).…”

Section: Lng Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this scenario, there could be extensive volumes of LNG that can be spilled either onto the ship or onto the water surface without and ignition source. These type of approaches have been considered and used and are very sensitive to environmental and meteorological conditions [Tieszen 1991]. Therefore, the potential for this type of event exists, but actually getting an explosion can be difficult.…”

Section: Lng -Air Combustion To Generate Damaging Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Guidance on risk analysis and safety implications of a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) spill over water.

Report¹,

Hightower²,

Gritzo³

et al. 2004

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While recognized standards exist for the systematic safety analysis of potential spills or releases from LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) storage terminals and facilities on land, no equivalent set of standards or guidance exists for the evaluation of the safety or consequences from LNG spills over water. Heightened security awareness and energy surety issues have increased industry's and the public's attention to these activities. The report reviews several existing studies of LNG spills with respect to their assumptions, inputs, models, and experimental data. Based on this review and further analysis, the report provides guidance on the appropriateness of models, assumptions, and risk management to address public safety and property relative to a potential LNG spill over water. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe authors received technical, programmatic, and editorial support on this project from a number of individuals and organizations both inside and outside Sandia National Laboratories. We would particularly like to express our thanks for their support and guidance in the technical evaluations and development of this report.The U.S. Department of Energy was instrumental in providing coordination, management, and technical direction. Special thanks go to DOE personnel in the Office of Oil and Natural Gas, DOE Office of Fossil Energy, for their help in supporting the modeling, analysis, technical evaluations, and risk guidance efforts.To support the technical analysis required for this project, the authors worked with many organizations, including maritime agencies, LNG industry and ship management agencies, LNG shipping consultants, and government intelligence agencies to collect the background information on ship and LNG cargo tank designs, accident and threat scenarios, and LNG ship safety and risk management operations needed to assess LNG spill safety and risk implications.The following individuals were especially helpful in supporting our efforts, providing information, coordinating contacts, and reviewing technical evaluations. Capt. Dave Scott -U.S. Coast Guard Dr. Robin Pitblado -Det Norske Veritas Eric Linsner -PRONAV Ship Management Mike Edens -Office of Naval Intelligence Richard Hoffmann -Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Chris Zerby -Federal Energy Regulatory CommissionTo help in technically reviewing this report, the DOE commissioned an External Peer Review Panel to evaluate the analyses, conclusions, and recommendations presented. The Peer Review Panel consisted of experts in LNG spill testing and modeling, fire modeling, fire protection, and fire safety and risk management. The panel's comments and suggestions were extremely valuable in improving the technical presentation and organization of the report. The authors would like to thank the following members of the External Peer Review Panel for their valuable comments, suggestions, and directions. 10 TABLES 12 FOREWORDThe Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that domestic natural gas production is expected to increase more slowly th...

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Section: Lng Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lng -Air Combustion To Generate Damaging Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance on risk analysis and safety implications of a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) spill over water.

Report¹,

Hightower²,

Gritzo³

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Eq. (2-14), d 4 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) where R N , is a random number between 0 and 1, and the angles e , y~ and + are defined as:…”

Section: Spray Angle Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The code is based on a Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) formulation employing a standard k -E for turbulence model [l], the eddy dissipation concept (EDC) combustion model [2], soot model [3], and a radiation [4] model for participating media. Previous studies using VULCAN have ranged from large outdoor open fires [6] to smaller enclosed dry bay fires [7]. The focus of this work is to incorpcrate a spray modeling capability into VULCAN to account for the dispersal of fuel spray or liquid fire suppressants.…”

Section: Chapter 1 Introduction and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dilute Spray Model for Fire Simulations: Formulation, Usage and Benchmark Problems

DesJardin¹,

Gritzo²

2002

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The focus of this work is to develop a two-phase spray model for application to unsteady fire simulation for the dispersion of dilute liquid fuel or fire suppressant sprays. The model is based on a stochastic separated flow (SSF) approach for which droplet transport equations are integrated in time to account for mass, momentum and energy transfer to the liquid phase. Turbulence models for parcel and sub-parcel droplet dispersion, spray breakup and spray collision are also developed and implemented. Two-way coupling between the liquid spray and the gas phase is accomplished through a numerical sub-cycling procedure. A strategy plan for spray model verification and validation is summarized and results presented for selected cases. The problems examined thus far indicate that the approach provides a robust and accurate means to solve dispersed phase spray transport problems for application to fire phenomena.

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“…The continued development of the technology to provide validated fire physics models will eventually lead to an ability to predict the threat posed by fires, the response of objects in fires, and confidence in those predictions. The focus of the Well-Characterized Open Pool fire series described in this paper and other previous SNL fire experiments [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] is to provide archival experimental data of sufficient quality for CFD fire code development and validation purposes. Four fire experiments were conducted with two different wind conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Open Pool Experimental Data and Analysis for Fire Model Validation and Development

Blanchat¹,

Figueroa²

2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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Four large-scale open pool fire experiments were performed with well-characterized boundary and initial conditions. Results presented include a general description of test observations, wind measurements, fire plume topology, fuel recession and heat release rates, incident heat flux to the pool, surrounding terrain, and calorimeters. All initial and boundary condition data required as necessary inputs to computation models are also presented. The large physical scale, the experimental design, the use of independent measurement techniques, and the attention to data quality provide a unique dataset to support numerical fire model validation.

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Vortical structures in pool fires: Observation, speculation, and simulation

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Guidance on risk analysis and safety implications of a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) spill over water.

Guidance on risk analysis and safety implications of a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) spill over water.

A Dilute Spray Model for Fire Simulations: Formulation, Usage and Benchmark Problems

Large-Scale Open Pool Experimental Data and Analysis for Fire Model Validation and Development

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