Vorticella Linnaeus, 1767 (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophora, Peritrichia) is a Grade not a Clade: Redefinition of Vorticella and the Families Vorticellidae and Astylozoidae using Molecular Characters Derived from the Gene Coding for Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA

Sun, Ping; Clamp, John C.; Xu, Dapeng; Kusuoka, Yasushi; Miao, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.06.005

Cited by 46 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Subclade 3 was basal to the other two and consisted of three identifiable and one unidentified species. Vorticella chlorostigma was divergent from all subclades and branched basally within clade I. Clade II was basal to clade I (and the entire family Vorticellidae; see [12]), comprising morphospecies of the Vorticella microstoma-complexes, Vorticella astyliformis-like, Vorticella infusionum, Vorticella striata?, Vorticella rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Proc R Soc B 280: 20131177 aquadulcis?, one unidentified species and two species of the stalkless, secondarily free-swimming genus Opisthonecta. Among samples of all morphospecies of Vorticella individuals, those of V. similis were the most diverse, and representatives could be found in three different clusters within subclade 1.…”

Section: Results (A) Analyses Of Sequences and Secondary Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sun et al [12] suggested assigning all species in clade II to the family Astylozoidae s. str. on the basis of distinctive molecular signatures in their SSU rRNA sequences in the absence of unifying morphological characteristics and despite differences in gross morphology resulting from loss of stages from the life cycle by Astylozoon (telotroch lost) and Opisthonecta (trophont lost).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tetrahymena pyriformis [10] and Paramecium aurelia [11]). More recently, both morphological and molecular analyses [9,12] have suggested the existence of cryptic species in the Vorticella group. However, at present, there are no data at all for genes other than SSU rRNA for almost all named Vorticella species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, at present, there are no data at all for genes other than SSU rRNA for almost all named Vorticella species. Moreover, genetic distances between SSU rRNA sequences of morphospecies were small [12], and this high degree of conservation makes it difficult to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the genus and make a clear discrimination between morphospecies. Furthermore, the long-standing assumption that the family Vorticellidae was a distinct, stable taxon and that Vorticella was equally distinct and stable at the generic level was upset by convincing molecular evidence [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, genetic distances between SSU rRNA sequences of morphospecies were small [12], and this high degree of conservation makes it difficult to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the genus and make a clear discrimination between morphospecies. Furthermore, the long-standing assumption that the family Vorticellidae was a distinct, stable taxon and that Vorticella was equally distinct and stable at the generic level was upset by convincing molecular evidence [12][13][14][15]. Given these important systematic uncertainties and the low resolution at the infrageneric level of phylogenies based on SSU rRNA sequences, molecular phylogenies of Vorticella that include a broader sample of taxa and additional genes are desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ITS-based phylogenetic framework for the genus Vorticella : finding the molecular and morphological gaps in a taxonomically difficult group

Sun

Clamp

et al. 2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Vorticella includes more than 100 currently recognized species and represents one of the most taxonomically challenging genera of ciliates. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Vorticella has been performed so far with only sequences coding for small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA); only a few of its species have been investigated using other genetic markers owing to a lack of similar sequences for comparison. Consequently, phylogenetic relationships within the genus remain unclear, and molecular discrimination between morphospecies is often difficult because most regions of the SSU rRNA gene are too highly conserved to be helpful. In this paper, we move molecular systematics for this group of ciliates to the infrageneric level by sequencing additional molecular markers-fast-evolving internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions-in a broad sample of 66 individual samples of 28 morphospecies of Vorticella collected from Asia, North America and Europe. Our phylogenies all featured two strongly supported, highly divergent, paraphyletic clades (I, II) comprising the morphologically defined genus Vorticella. Three major lineages made up clade I, with a relatively well-resolved branching order in each one. The marked divergence of clade II from clade I confirms that the former should be recognized as a separate taxonomic unit as indicated by SSU rRNA phylogenies. We made the first attempt to elucidate relationships between species in clade II using both morphological and multi-gene approaches, and our data supported a close relationship between some morphospecies of Vorticella and Opisthonecta, indicating that relationships between species in the clade are far more complex than would be expected from their morphology. Different patterns of helix III of ITS2 secondary structure were clearly specific to clades and subclades of Vorticella and, therefore, may prove useful for resolving phylogenetic relationships in other groups of ciliates.

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Section: Results (A) Analyses Of Sequences and Secondary Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An ITS-based phylogenetic framework for the genus Vorticella : finding the molecular and morphological gaps in a taxonomically difficult group

Sun

Clamp

et al. 2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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How discordant morphological and molecular evolution among microorganisms can revise our notions of biodiversity on Earth

et al. 2014

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Microscopy has revealed a tremendous diversity of bacterial and eukaryotic forms. More recent molecular analyses show discordance in estimates of biodiversity based on morphological analyses. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses of the diversity of microbial forms have revealed evidence of convergence at scales as large as interdomain – i.e. convergent forms shared between bacteria and eukaryotes. Here, we highlight examples of such discordance, focusing on exemplary lineages such as testate amoebae, ciliates and cyanobacteria, which have long histories of morphological study. We discuss examples in two categories: 1) morphologically identical (or highly similar) individuals that are genetically distinct and 2) morphologically distinct individuals that are genetically distinct. We argue that hypotheses about discordance can be tested using the concept of neutral morphologies, or more broadly neutral phenotypes, as a null hypothesis.

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Morphology and morphogenesis ofEpistylis plicatilisehrenberg, 1831 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) from Wuhan, China

Shi

Meng

Liu

et al. 2014

Journal of Morphology

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A limnetic peritrichous ciliate, Epistylis plicatilis Ehrenberg, 1831, was collected from a freshwater ditch beside Moshan Hill, Wuhan, China. Its morphology, infraciliature, and morphogenesis were investigated based on specimens examined in vivo, following staining with protargol and by scanning electron microscopy. The characteristics of the Wuhan population of E. plicatilis are as follows: 1) colonial, each colony typically comprising 30-50 individuals, with a dichotomously branched, noncontractile stalk; 2) fully expanded zooids measure 90-155 × 30-50 µm in vivo; 3) a series of 6 or 7 conspicuous folds appear in the posterior region of the zooid when it contracts; 4) single horseshoe-shaped macronucleus oriented transversely; 5) single contractile vacuole located in peristomial region on dorsal wall of infundibulum; 6) myoneme system comprises 20-24 longitudinal fibers, peristomial disk fibers as a wreath-like net and peristomial ring fibers; 7) narrowly spaced transverse striations on the surface of the body; 8) infundibular polykineties 1 and 2 are three-rowed, infundibular polykinety 3 is two-rowed; and 9) stomatogenesis is of the buccokinetal type; in the new oral apparatus, infundibular polykineties 2 and 3, the haplokinety, and the germinal kinety all originate from the germinal kinety of the parental oral apparatus whereas the polykinety and infundibular polykinety 1 originate from the parental haplokinety. An improved diagnosis of E. plicatilis is supplied.

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Vorticella Linnaeus, 1767 (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophora, Peritrichia) is a Grade not a Clade: Redefinition of Vorticella and the Families Vorticellidae and Astylozoidae using Molecular Characters Derived from the Gene Coding for Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

An ITS-based phylogenetic framework for the genus Vorticella : finding the molecular and morphological gaps in a taxonomically difficult group

An ITS-based phylogenetic framework for the genus Vorticella : finding the molecular and morphological gaps in a taxonomically difficult group

How discordant morphological and molecular evolution among microorganisms can revise our notions of biodiversity on Earth

Morphology and morphogenesis ofEpistylis plicatilisehrenberg, 1831 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) from Wuhan, China

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