Vortices in Polariton OPO Superfluids

Marchetti, F. M.; Szymańska, M. H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24186-4_6

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The minimum separation of the two polariton branches is R , which occurs at k = 0 for ω c (0) = ω x , as shown in Fig. 1 [2,49,50]. Different exciton-photon detunings are accessible by choice of position on the wedge shaped samples used in experiments [49].…”

Section: A Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Keldysh field theory for nonequilibrium condensation in a parametrically pumped polariton system

Dunnett

Szymańska

2016

Phys. Rev. B

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We develop a quantum field theory for parametrically pumped polaritons using Keldysh Green's function techniques with which the occupations of the excitation spectra can be calculated. By considering the mean field and Gaussian fluctuations, we find that the highly nonequilibrium phase transition to the optical parametric oscillator regime is in some ways similar to equilibrium condensation. In particular, we show that this phase transition can be associated with an effective chemical potential, at which the system's bosonic distribution function diverges, and an effective temperature for low energy modes. As in equilibrium systems, the transition is achieved by tuning this effective chemical potential to the energy of the lowest normal mode. Since the nonequilibrium occupations of the modes are available, we determine experimentally observable properties such as the luminescence and absorption spectra.

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Section: A Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Keldysh field theory for nonequilibrium condensation in a parametrically pumped polariton system

Dunnett

Szymańska

2016

Phys. Rev. B

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“…3 (a), there is a slope in phase observed as a sawtooth function, bounded by mod (2π). However, the phase must be considered as a continuously increasing function in this snapshot, avoiding the 0-2π discontinuities [25]. The pulsed probe creates a moving ellipsoidal polariton bullet, as will be shown below, and leads to the creation of V-AV pairs at its borders.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the phase field it is also possible to extract experimentally the polariton supercurrents. For a complex field |E (r,t)| e iΦ(r,t) , describing a macroscopic number of particles condensed in the same quantum state, the current is defined as, [25] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These vortices have been observed in semiconductor microcavities only recently [18][19][20][21]. However, the correspondence between vortices and superfluid behaviour is not always valid, as observed in polariton condensates where they can also appear as a consequence of natural defects in the samples and the competition between gain and decay processes [22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Role of supercurrents on vortices formation in polariton condensates

Antón¹,

Tosi²,

Martin³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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Observation of quantized vortices in non-equilibrium polariton condensates has been reported either by spontaneous formation and pinning in the presence of disorder or by imprinting them onto the signal or idler of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Here, we report a detailed analysis of the creation and annihilation of polariton vortex-antivortex pairs in the signal state of a polariton OPO by means of a short optical Gaussian pulse at a certain finite pump wave-vector. A time-resolved, interferometric analysis of the emission allows us to extract the phase of the perturbed condensate and to reveal the dynamics of the supercurrents created by the pulsed probe. This flow is responsible for the appearance of the topological defects when counter-propagating to the underlying currents of the OPO signal. A 21, 367 (2004). 32. For the supercurrent calculations, eventual phase jumps between 0 and 2π, where the gradient of the phase is not well defined, (see, for example the region between the white arrows in the Fig. 3 (a)), are circumvented using ∇Φ s (r,t) = −i∇ exp (iΦ s (r,t)) / exp (iΦ s (r,t)).

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“…Because of * lorenzo.dominici@gmail.com † Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed: francesca.marchetti@uam.es this phase freedom, recent experiments [19]h a v et e s t e d the OPO superfluid properties by exploring the physics of the signal-idler order parameter, demonstrating the existence and metastability of vortex configurations. As the order parameter involves both the signal and the idler, their phase winding have opposite signs [19][20][21]. Crucially, this causes both OPO fluids to display quantized flow metastability simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent polariton superfluidity in the optical parametric oscillator regime

et al. 2015

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Superfluidity, which is the ability of a liquid or gas to flow with zero viscosity, is one of the most remarkable implications of collective quantum coherence. In equilibrium systems such as liquid 4 He and ultracold atomic gases, superfluid behavior conjugates diverse yet related phenomena, such as a persistent metastable flow in multiply connected geometries and the existence of a critical velocity for frictionless flow when hitting a static defect. The link between these different aspects of superfluid behavior is far less clear in driven-dissipative systems displaying collective coherence, such as microcavity polaritons, which raises important questions about their concurrency. With a joint theoretical and experimental study, we show that the scenario is particularly rich for polaritons driven in a three-fluid collective coherent regime, i.e., a so-called optical parametric oscillator. On the one hand, the spontaneous macroscopic coherence following the phase locking of the signal and idler fluids has been shown to be responsible for their simultaneous quantized flow metastability. On the other hand, we show here that the pump, signal, and idler have distinct responses when hitting a static defect; while the signal displays modulations that are barely perceptible, the ones appearing in the pump and idler are determined by their mutual coupling due to nonlinear and parametric processes.

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Vortices in Polariton OPO Superfluids

Cited by 9 publications

References 103 publications

Keldysh field theory for nonequilibrium condensation in a parametrically pumped polariton system

Keldysh field theory for nonequilibrium condensation in a parametrically pumped polariton system

Role of supercurrents on vortices formation in polariton condensates

Multicomponent polariton superfluidity in the optical parametric oscillator regime

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