Vowel Accuracy and Segmental Variability Differentiate Children With Developmental Language Disorder in Nonword Repetition

Vuolo, Janet; Goffman, Lisa

doi:10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00166

Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 71 publications

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“…Variability of rhythmic groupings . Because we elicited multiple productions in drumming and in clapping, we assessed variability of the implementation of rhythmic structure by adapting a type–token ratio measure of spoken segmental variability (e.g., Vuolo & Goffman, 2020 ) to a measure of manual rhythmic variability. We counted the number of rhythmic variants for drumming or clapping targets to determine a production variability score (PVS) by summing the number of different productions, subtracting 1, and dividing by the number of total productions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children With Developmental Language Disorder Show Deficits in the Production of Musical Rhythmic Groupings

Kreidler,

Vuolo,

Goffman

2023

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show evidence of domain-general deficits in sequentially patterned motor skills. This study focuses on the production of rhythmically grouped sequences drawn from a music task, with the hypothesis that children with DLD will show a sequential pattern learning deficit that crosses language and action domains. Method: Fifty-seven 4- to 5-year-old children (36 with DLD) drummed and clapped a developmentally appropriate musical rhythmic sequence 24 times (clapped 12 times, drummed 12 times). The accuracy of rhythmic events (markings of claps, drums, and pauses in a target sequence) was assessed through a modification of classic speech and language transcription procedures. The variability and prosodic structure of the rhythmic groupings were also measured. Results: Children with DLD produced less accurate and more variable rhythmic groupings compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. While the final-position grouping of the sequence was especially vulnerable for all children, those with DLD included more co-occurring errors in initial and final groupings of the same rhythmic sequence. Both TD children and children with DLD were less accurate in the clapping than the drumming task. Neither rhythmic drumming nor clapping accuracy correlated with motor skill in either group of children. Conclusions: This study provides novel evidence of a manual rhythmic grouping deficit in DLD, one that is motivated by language—not motor or speech—factors. Cognitive abilities necessary to organize rhythmic events into higher order groupings are impaired across music and language in children with DLD. Rhythmic organization and sequencing may serve an important role in diagnosis and intervention in this population. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24158745

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children With Developmental Language Disorder Show Deficits in the Production of Musical Rhythmic Groupings

Kreidler,

Vuolo,

Goffman

2023

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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The Effect of Practice on Variability in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Multidimensional Analysis

Case

Grigos

2021

Am J Speech Lang Pathol

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Purpose Variability has been interpreted in differing ways according to context (e.g., development, speech impairment, and learning). A challenge arises when interpreting variability in the context of learning for children with speech impairment characterized by high movement variability, as in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The objective of this study is to investigate changes in variability in CAS with practice in comparison to patterns seen in children with non-CAS speech sound disorders (SSD) and typical development. Method Speech production variability was examined in 24 children (5–6 years of age) with CAS, non—CAS SSD, and typical development in production of nonwords of varied motoric complexity. Multidimensional analyses were performed using measures of token-to-token speech consistency (percent word consistency), acoustic variability (acoustic spatiotemporal index), and movement variability (lip aperture spatiotemporal index). Changes in variability were examined in each group of children by comparing the first half to the last half of nonword tokens in the same data collection session. The impact of token complexity on practice effects was also explored across groups of children. Results All children displayed increased speech consistency within this practice period ( p = .01). Only children with CAS displayed increased movement variability following practice ( p = .01). Differences in acoustic and kinematic variability were observed across complexity levels in all groups, though these did not interact with practice effects. Discussion These findings suggest that increased movement variability in children with CAS might be facilitating perceptual consistency. It is believed that this finding reflects an inefficient strategy adapted by children with CAS in the absence of motor-based cueing and feedback to guide speech performance with practice.

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Influences of Methodological Decisions on Assessing the Spatiotemporal Stability of Speech Movement Sequences

Wisler

Goffman

Zhang

et al. 2022

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: The spatiotemporal index (STI) is a widely used approach for measuring speech pattern stability across multiple repetitions of a stimulus. In this study, we examine how methodological choices in the implementation of the STI (including the number of repetitions, length of stimuli, and parsing procedure) can affect its value. Method: To evaluate how each methodological decision affects the STI, we use a synthetic data framework that allows for the generation of random productions of the template phrase “Buy Bobby a Puppy” at different stability levels. Within this framework, we conduct three experiments: Experiment 1 investigates the effects of the number of repetitions, Experiment 2 investigates the effects of stimulus length, and Experiment 3 investigates the effects of parsing errors. Results: In Experiment 1, we observed that STI values based on fewer repetitions will systematically underestimate larger repetition estimates. Experiment 2 showed that STI values will tend to be higher when calculated on longer (multimovement) stimuli independent of any differences in the stability of the underlying speech patterns. Finally, in Experiment 3, we showed that even minor parsing errors (≈ 10 ms) increase the value of the STI. Conclusions: The results of this study illustrate that even minor choices in the implementation of the STI can have a noticeable impact on the resulting value. These findings highlight the care that needs to be taken when designing studies and comparing STI values across studies to ensure that different STI values are capturing real differences in motion pattern stability rather than trivial methodological variation.

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Vowel Accuracy and Segmental Variability Differentiate Children With Developmental Language Disorder in Nonword Repetition

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Children With Developmental Language Disorder Show Deficits in the Production of Musical Rhythmic Groupings

Children With Developmental Language Disorder Show Deficits in the Production of Musical Rhythmic Groupings

The Effect of Practice on Variability in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Multidimensional Analysis

Influences of Methodological Decisions on Assessing the Spatiotemporal Stability of Speech Movement Sequences

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