“…This agrees with previous literature that shows maternal speech to HI infants is affected by infant hearing loss (Chen, 1996;Cheskin, 1981;Cross, JohnsonMorris, & Nienhuys, 1980;Kondaurova & Bergeson, 2011;Kondaurova et al, 2012;Kondaurova, Bergeson, & Kitamura, 2013;Kondaurova, Bergeson, & Xu, 2013;Kondaurova et al, 2015;Kondaurova, Blank, Zheng, Abu Zhaya, & Seidl, 2016;Nienhuys, Cross, & Horsborough, 1984;Wieland, Burnham, Kondaurova, Bergeson, & Dilley, 2015). Previous research has demonstrated that mothers use shorter utterances, exaggerated pitch characteristics, and a slower speaking rate when interacting with their HI infants (Kondaurova, Bergeson, & Xu, 2013).…”