VqMAPK3/VqMAPK6, VqWRKY33, and VqNSTS3 constitute a regulatory node in enhancing resistance to powdery mildew in grapevine

Abstract

Grapevine powdery mildew is caused by Erysiphe necator that seriously harms grape production in the world. Stilbene synthase makes phytoalexins that contribute to the resistance of grapevine against powdery mildew. A novel VqNSTS3 was identified and cloned from Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2. Novel VqNSTS3 was transferred into susceptible ‘Thompson Seedless’ by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants showed resistance to the disease and activated other resistance-related genes. VqNSTS3 expression in grapevine is regulated by VqWRKY33, which binds to TTGACC in the VqNSTS3 promoter with fungal elicitor responsive element. Furthermore, VqWRKY33 was phosphorylated by VqMAPK3/VqMAPK6 and thus lead to enhanced signal transduction and increased VqNSTS3 expression. ProVqNSTS3::VqNSTS3-GFP of transgenic VqNSTS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana was observed to move to and wrap the pathogen haustoria and block the invasion of Golovinomyces cichoracearum. These results demonstrated that stilbene accumulation of novel VqNSTS3 of a Chinese wild grapevine prevented pathogen invasion and enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. Therefore, VqNSTS3 can be used in generating powdery mildew-resistant grapevines.

CsMLO8/11 are required for full susceptibility of cucumber stem to powdery mildew and interact with CsCRK2 and CsRbohD

“…The results suggested that the transcript levels of a number of genes in primary and secondary metabolic pathways were higher in mlo8 CR1 , mlo11 CR1 , and mlo8 CR1 mlo11 CR1 plants relative to control after pathogen inoculation; these metabolites included the aromatic amino acid l -phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, and phenylpropanoid. A diversity of secondary metabolites function in defense against biotic stress in plants [ 42 , 43 ]. Aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) are the branch points where primary metabolites may enter secondary metabolic pathways that function in protecting plants from biotic stresses [ 44 , 45 ].…”