Vulcan/Pt/Ce Catalysts Prepared by Impregnation Using EDTA for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell, and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Guzmán-Blas, Rolando; Menéndez, Christian L.; Vélez, Carlos A.; Fachini, E.; Johnston‐Peck, Aaron C.; Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Stacchiola, Darı́o; Sasaki, Kotaro; Cabrera, Carlos R.

doi:10.4236/sgre.2013.47a001

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The increase of catalyst loading gives the benefit to increase the catalyst active surface area and reduces the resistivity and consequently increases the ionic conductivity of the electrode. 43,51 Consequently, the cell voltage and power density performance reduced significantly from 0.8 (4 mg cm −2 ) to 0.74 V (8 mg cm −2 ) and 2.51 to 1.75 mW cm −2 , respectively. The anode overpotential phenomena can also be lowered, and consequently, the passive DMFC performance is enhanced due to the high fuel oxidation activity.…”

Section: Performance Of the Passive Dmfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, an overloaded catalyst will cause a limited active surface area, which is due to agglomeration and a sluggish catalyst. 43,51 Consequently, the cell voltage and power density performance reduced significantly from 0.8 (4 mg cm −2 ) to 0.74 V (8 mg cm −2 ) and 2.51 to 1.75 mW cm −2 , respectively. Therefore, the anode catalyst loading is a one of imperative factors in controlling the single cell of DMFCs performance.…”

Section: Performance Of the Passive Dmfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several reasons for this condition, the increase of operating temperature is led to the improvement of methanol oxidation electrochemical catalytic activity and the oxygen reduction. 51,52 Second, the proton conductivity is increased when the cell operating temperature is increased, thus lowering the ohmic loss and enhancing the cell performance. 10,54 Third, the enhancement of redox reaction is reducing the fuel concentration losses through the SA bio-membrane.…”

Section: Performance Of the Passive Dmfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The optimization performance of cross‐linked sodium alginate polymer electrolyte bio‐membranes in passive direct methanol/ethanol fuel cells

2019

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Summary Consumption of methanol and ethanol as a fuel in the passive direct fuel cells technologies is suitable and more useful for the portable application compared with hydrogen as a preliminary fuel due to the ease of management, including design of cell, transportation, and storage. However, the cost production of commercial membrane is still far from the acceptable commercialization stage. Based to our previous works, the low cost of cross‐linked sodium alginate (SA) polymer electrolyte bio‐membrane shown the virtuous chemical, mechanical, and thermal characterization as polymer electrolyte membrane in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). This study will further the investigation of cross‐linked SA polymer electrolyte bio‐membrane performance in the passive DMFCs and the passive direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). The experimental study investigates the influence of the membrane thickness, loading of catalysts, temperature, type of fuel, and fuel concentration in order to achieve the optimal working operation performances. The passive DMFCs is improved from 1.45 up to 13.5 mW cm−2 for the maximum peak of power density, which is obtained by using 0.16 mm as an optimum thick of SA bio‐membrane that shown the highest selectivity 6.31 104 S s cm−3, 4 mg cm−2 of Pt‐Ru as an optimum of anode catalyst loading, 2 mg cm−2 of Pt at the cathode, 2M of methanol as an optimum fuel concentration, and an optimum temperature at 90°C. Under the same conditions of cells, the passive DEFCs are shown to be 10.2 mW cm−2 in the maximum peak of power density with 2M ethanol. Based on our knowledge, this is the first work that reports the optimization works of performance SA‐based membrane in the passive DMFCs via experimental studies of single cells and the primary performance of passive DEFCs using the SA‐based membrane as polymer electrolyte membrane.

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Section: Performance Of the Passive Dmfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Of the Passive Dmfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Of the Passive Dmfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The optimization performance of cross‐linked sodium alginate polymer electrolyte bio‐membranes in passive direct methanol/ethanol fuel cells

2019

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“…The consumption of alcohol‐based fuel is appropriate for application of portable devices and household appliances because of the liquid condition of alcohol that renders it simple to handle, easy to store, and portable compared with hydrogen in gas condition. Therefore, the simple and compact structure cells can be designed for consumption in portable devices and household appliance application …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of quaternized polyvinyl alcohol as an alternative polymeric membrane in DMFCs and DEFCs

Zakaria

Kamarudin

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have emerged as alternative power generators for portable devices and household appliances because of their easy and fast production of electricity, as well as high energy conversion to provide high‐power density. However, several critical factors limit the commercialization of DMFCs and DEFCs, particularly issues related to polymer electrolyte membranes, including the high‐cost production of Nafion membranes and cell degradation caused by high fuel crossover and dehydration. This review paper provides an overview of the current status and challenges in quaternized polyvinyl alcohol (QPVA)‐based membranes as an alternative polymer electrolyte membrane for DMFCs and DEFCs. The main advantages of using QPVA‐based membranes in fuel cells are reduced cost production of membrane, fuel‐crossover minimization, and competitive conductivity with Nafion membrane. The effects of modifying the QPVA‐based membrane, especially on conductivity properties, fuel crossover, uptake condition, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, and single‐cell performance are comprehensively discussed. The best performances of DMFCs and DEFCs with utilizing QPVA‐based membrane are reported as 272 and 144 mW cm−2, respectively. This paper is the first to highlight the current status and challenges of QPVA‐based membranes for DMFCs and DEFCs applications.

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“…Furthermore, the activity of the catalyst depends on the Au NPs on the surface of carbon-based support, metal-support interactions, time of electrodeposition and concentrations of Au precursor and carbon based support [20]. An electrochemical technique known as Rotating Disk Slurry Electrode (RoDSE) [9], [21] was used to electrodeposit Au on Vulcan XC-72R and further modified by Ce(III)EDTA impregnation [22], [23] with subsequent electrochemical analysis for ethanol electrooxidation, including surface analysis characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotating Disk Slurry Au Electrodeposition at Unsupported Carbon Vulcan XC-72 and Ce3+ Impregnation for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Media

et al. 2016

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A robust electrodeposition method consisting of the Rotating Disk Slurry Electrode (RoDSE) technique to obtain Au nanoparticles highly dispersed on a conductive carbonaceous support, i.e. Vulcan XC-72R, for ethanol electrooxidation reaction in alkaline media was developed. Ceria was used as a co-catalyst using a Ce(III)-EDTA impregnation method in order to enhance the catalytic activity and improve the catalyst's overall stability. The RoDSE method used to obtain highly dispersed Au nanoparticles does not require the use of a reducing agent or stabilizing agent and the noble-metal loading was controlled by the addition and tuning of the metal precursor concentration.Inductively coupled plasma and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the Au loading in the catalyst was 9%.Particle size and characteristic Au fcc crystal facets were determined by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the catalyst was also investigated using electron microscopy techniques. In addition, X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to corroborate the presence and identify the oxidation state of Ce in the system and to observe if there are any electronic interactions within the 8% Au/CeOx/C system. Cyclic voltammetry of electrodeposited 9% Au/C and Ce promoted 8% Au/C showed a higher catalytic current density for ethanol oxidation when compared with commercially available catalysts (20% Au/C) of a higher precious metal loading. In addition, we report a higher stability towards the ethanol electrooxidation process, which was corroborated by 1 mV/s linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometric studies.

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Vulcan/Pt/Ce Catalysts Prepared by Impregnation Using EDTA for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell, and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

The optimization performance of cross‐linked sodium alginate polymer electrolyte bio‐membranes in passive direct methanol/ethanol fuel cells

The optimization performance of cross‐linked sodium alginate polymer electrolyte bio‐membranes in passive direct methanol/ethanol fuel cells

A review of quaternized polyvinyl alcohol as an alternative polymeric membrane in DMFCs and DEFCs

Rotating Disk Slurry Au Electrodeposition at Unsupported Carbon Vulcan XC-72 and Ce3+ Impregnation for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Media

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