Vulnerability to climate change of smallholder cocoa producers in the province of Manabí, Ecuador

Barberán, José Ricardo Macías; Nevárez, Gerardo José Cuenca; Flor, Frank Guillermo Intriago; Caetano, Creucí María; Flores, Juan Carlos Menjívar; Pacheco, Henry

doi:10.15446/rfnam.v72n1.72564

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Risks include changing rainfall patterns (Chimborazo & Vuille, 2021), more intense floods and droughts (Campozano et al, 2020), instability of water resources (for example, in Quito) (Chevallier et al, 2011). If such risks materialize, they would almost certainly have negative consequences on agricultural yields, food security (Macías Barberán et al, 2019;Ovalle-Rivera et al, 2015;Quiroz et al, 2018;Ray et al, 2019), and natural biodiversity (Báez et al, 2016;Eguiguren-Velepucha et al, 2016;Iturralde-Pólit et al, 2017). Changes in the amount and variability of precipitation could negatively impact Ecuador's national electricity system if the design of existing hydrological dams proves to be inadequate to new conditions (Herbozo et al, 2022); this could lead to reduced hydropower generation in dry years .…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net-Zero Industry: Options for Plastics, Textiles, Automobiles, and Fisheries in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

Li,

Bataille,

Vogt-Schilb

2023

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This report explores pathways to achieve carbon-neutral industrial production in three major Andean economies: Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It examines options for achieving net-zero emissions in plastics, textiles, auto manufacturing, and fisheries four sectors that are likely to play key roles in the economies of the region in the future. The report analyzes the barriers and opportunities to achieve carbon-neutral manufacturing in these countries and sectors in light of existing industrial, energy, and environmental policies, and given the progress that has been achieved so far. The analysis argues that, despite the presence of multiple barriers and challenges to implementation, the prospects for establishing clean manufacturing at scale are promising. Making such transformative changes, however, will require the following conditions: (i) a strategic vision and the underpinning legal authority to champion and achieve a net-zero transition; (ii) vastly increased institutional coordination among diverse government departments to end fragmented policymaking practices; (iii) investments that leverage rapid technological change to build a zero-emissions power grid, and to use low-carbon, synthetic fuels (such as green hydrogen or green ammonia) in industry; (iv) foreign direct investment into the clean-energy-supply sector; (v) regulatory mandates and economic incentives for powerful oil and gas firms to pivot from fossil fuels to synthetic, zero-emission fuels; and (vi) vastly improved waste-management practices to enable a significantly more circular economy that re-uses and recycles materials.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net-Zero Industry: Options for Plastics, Textiles, Automobiles, and Fisheries in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

Li,

Bataille,

Vogt-Schilb

2023

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“…El Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) procedente de la familia Esterculiaceae, se caracteriza por la producción de frutos y flores en ramas primarias (Rusconi y Conti, 2010). Su cultivo se da en sectores trópicos húmedos del noreste de América del Sur, Amazonía y África (Argüello et al, 2019;Macías et al, 2019). Los principales productores en América Latina son Brasil, Ecuador, Perú, Colombia, Venezuela, y Trinidad y Tobago (Arvelo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…El cacao ecuatoriano es cultivado principalmente en la región costa, las provincias con mayor producción son: Guayas con 81.94, Los Ríos 39.26 t, Cañar 23.80 t, y Manabí 18.26 t (Macías et al, 2019). Las variedades mayormente cultivadas son: Fino de Aroma (35 %) cuyo color característico es el amarillo, y CCN51 (65 %) que es la variedad clonada Colección Castro Naranjal 51 (León Villamar et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Evaluación de la sostenibilidad socio-económica en fincas productoras de cacao en el centro-norte de Ecuador: una propuesta de estrategias inter-organizacionales

Miranda

Paredes

Guerrero³

et al. 2021

Acta Agron.

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La sostenibilidad socio-económica de la cadena productiva de cacao es muy relevante en las agendas público-privadas del Ecuador. La presente investigación se centra en proponer estrategias inter-organizacionales mediante la identificación de actores y actividades claves, un análisis de desempeño socio-económico y la caracterización de mecanismos que gobiernan la dinámica de la cadena. Para su efecto, en tres etapas, se encuestaron jefes de pequeñas fincas productoras localizadas en la provincia de Cotopaxi, cantón La Maná. El mayor desafío de esta red productiva se centra en los sistemas de producción de tipo convencional y la comercialización informal de la almendra. Se evidenció a través de datos de entidades públicas la existencia de amenazas y debilidades en su desempeño. Los factores analizados fueron de carácter productivo y socio-económico. Se aplicó el análisis de componentes principales y correlación para procesar la información de campo. Se determinó que la sostenibilidad económica se ve fuertemente afectada por aspectos agronómicos y sociales. Asimismo, se concluyó que la comercialización y las actividades de valor agregado son aspectos que deben ser abordados con una visión de colaboración inter-organizacional.

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“…The Ecuadorian pdo cocoa is known as "Cacao Arriba", and it is the symbolic product of Ecuador. During 2002, the Ministry of Agriculture led a process of Cocoa Arriba revaluation, through the project "Recovery of Production and Improvement of the Quality of National Cocoa" (Macías et al, 2019). In 2007, Ecuador submitted the designation of origin (DO) application for Cocoa Arriba, and it was approved in 2013 (Collinson & Leon, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protected-Denomination-of-Origin Cocoa Bean: Chain governance and Sustainability Performance

Miranda

Moreno

2020

Economia Agro-Alimentare

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The Protected Denominations of Origin in agricultural goods through recognized chains, have a fundamental economic role. In Ecuador, the pdo cocoa bean certification becomes a protagonist since it presents an opportunity to boost the social performance of smallholders. A substantial amount of research focused only on examining the crop performance of pdo products. However, there is a shift in the agricultural chain perspective towards more sustainable models. In this respect, social, economic, and institutional aspects are consequential and tribute to the agricultural sector development. Also, the current rise of market opportunities at the local and international levels is a driver to support them. This study aimed to analyze socio-economic and governance components to understand the pdo Cocoa Arriba (Theobroma cacao) chain sustainability performance and bring forward potential strategies. Principal Components Analysis was introduced to contribute with relevant insights.The framework applied accounts with a revision of primary and support activities. The investigation clustered pre-production, production, and post-production tiers. Also, it executed the food chain mapping and identification of chain actors. Results stated several viable long-term strategies. Examples of those strategies are the enhancement of national regulation to assist chain actors and the stimulus of young producers and associations empowerment. The main research contribution is the application of governance mechanisms to assess the chain performance comprehensively. Based on the results, our recommendation is to incorporate new indicators to analyze the environmental and institutional components profoundly.

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Vulnerability to climate change of smallholder cocoa producers in the province of Manabí, Ecuador

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Net-Zero Industry: Options for Plastics, Textiles, Automobiles, and Fisheries in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

Net-Zero Industry: Options for Plastics, Textiles, Automobiles, and Fisheries in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

Evaluación de la sostenibilidad socio-económica en fincas productoras de cacao en el centro-norte de Ecuador: una propuesta de estrategias inter-organizacionales

Protected-Denomination-of-Origin Cocoa Bean: Chain governance and Sustainability Performance

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