Vulvar Acanthosis Nigricans: A Marker for Insulin Resistance in Hirsute Women

Grasinger, Cecilia C.; Wild, Robert A.; Parker, Ivy J.

doi:10.1097/00006254-199309000-00020

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In one study, acanthosis nigricans was a frequent finding in hirsute, hyperandrogenic women and was invariably found on the vulva (Grasinger et al 1993). In children, it is benign and may be hereditary.…”

Section: Acanthosis Nigricansmentioning

confidence: 98%

Non‐Infective Cutaneous Conditions of the Vulva

Neill

Lewis

2009

Ridley's the Vulva

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Section: Acanthosis Nigricansmentioning

confidence: 98%

Non‐Infective Cutaneous Conditions of the Vulva

Neill

Lewis

2009

Ridley's the Vulva

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“…The axillae were involved in 33% and 30% had neck involvement. 28 Control Group: Ten patients of all age group and of either sex group and of either sex who attend dermatology out patient department for other dermatologic complaints.…”

Section: Racementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico Pathological Study of Acanthosis Nigricans and Its Correlation With Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Krishnakanth¹,

Anandan²,

Gayathri³

et al. 2015

jemds

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“…1997; 17(6): [651][652][653] The association of acanthosis nigricans (AN) with malignant tumors, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, hyperandrogenism, and other endocrinopathies has received the attention of many investigators for the past 100 years. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Most malignant tumors reported in the earlier literature were gastrointestinal. Recent literature, however, points to more association of malignancies with AN involvement of eyelids, conjunctiva 2,7,14-17 and oral cavity, palate or esophagus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,18,19 Insulin resistance is considered to be the underlying pathomechanism of AN by many workers. 4,[6][7][8]11 Different types of insulin receptor gene mutations have been described recently. 20,21 Other investigators described excess insulin binding to insulin-like growth factor receptors, 22 thus inducing various forms of growth effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthosis Nigricans: A New Analysis of Associated Endocrine and Malignant Disorders

Misha'l

1997

Ann Saudi Med

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AA Mishal, Acanthosis Nigricans: A New Analysis of Associated Endocrine and Malignant Disorders. 1997; 17(6): [651][652][653] The association of acanthosis nigricans (AN) with malignant tumors, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, hyperandrogenism, and other endocrinopathies has received the attention of many investigators for the past 100 years. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Most malignant tumors reported in the earlier literature were gastrointestinal. Recent literature, however, points to more association of malignancies with AN involvement of eyelids, conjunctiva 2,7,14-17 and oral cavity, palate or esophagus. 3,18,19 Insulin resistance is considered to be the underlying pathomechanism of AN by many workers. 4,[6][7][8]11 Different types of insulin receptor gene mutations have been described recently. 20,21 Other investigators described excess insulin binding to insulin-like growth factor receptors, 22 thus inducing various forms of growth effects. One report established certain keratin patterns in AN 23 which could have contributed to the etiology of skin lesions of AN, and another described acromegaly-like features in some patients with AN and hyperinsulinemia. 4 Some or all of these mechanisms, as well as others not yet established, could result in insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia with its growth-promoting influences on the skin, ovaries and possibly other tissues. Other endocrinopathies associated with AN, such as thyroid, 13,14,24 pituitary 12,25,26 and adrenal disorders, 27,28 were frequently reported, but no clear pathomechanisms were established in these reports. This is a cross-sectional observation study of the prevalence of associated endocrinopathies with AN in certain age and sex groups, along with an attempt to explain such associations. The lack of malignant tumors in this series is also discussed. Materials and MethodsThe study group included 138 patients (95 females and 43 males), ranging in age from three to 62 years. They were followed between three months and 10 years in our endocrinology out-patient clinics.The patients were divided into three subgroups, taking into consideration the average ages of puberty and menopause in females who represented the majority of patients in this series: 1) under 15 years; 2) between 15-45 years; and 3) over 45 years of age.All patients had acanthosis nigricans, with velvety, hyperpigmented thickening of skin over the nape of the neck, with or without involvement of axillae and other flexure areas. Papillomatous formation was present in most cases. No eyelids, conjunctiva or oral cavity involvement with AN was found in any of these patients.Diagnosis of associated disorders was established by history, physical examination, body mass index (BMI), hormone measurements by radioimmunoassays of thyroid function tests, free testosterone, 17 (OH) progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Cortisol, gonadotropins, prolactin, immunoreactive insulin, and Cpeptide levels. Further work-up of polycystic ovary syndrome included...

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Vulvar Acanthosis Nigricans: A Marker for Insulin Resistance in Hirsute Women

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Non‐Infective Cutaneous Conditions of the Vulva

Non‐Infective Cutaneous Conditions of the Vulva

Clinico Pathological Study of Acanthosis Nigricans and Its Correlation With Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Acanthosis Nigricans: A New Analysis of Associated Endocrine and Malignant Disorders

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