Vulvar cancer is not a disease of the elderly: Treatment and outcome at a tertiary referral centre in South Africa

Butt, Joshua; Botha, Matthys H.

doi:10.7196/samj.2017.v107i11.12497

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Research on cancer is often very interesting because of the high fatality rate of the disease is diagnosed later and or untreated. One of the methods used in the survival analysis in oncology and epidemiology studies is the Kaplan-Meier method (K-M) [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24]. K-M method is usually used in conjunction with Cox proportional hazard regression, immunohisto-chemistry, lognormal, hazard ratio, Chi-squared test, log-rank test and so on.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Analysis of Cancer Patients in North Eastern Nigeria from 2004 – 2017 – A Kaplan - Meier Method

Adamu

Opoola

Bishop

2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Cancer is a deadly malignant disease and is prevalent in Sub Saharan Africa. The North East part of Nigeria in particular and the country, in general, are struggling to cope with the increasing burden of cancer and other communicable and non-communicable diseases. The situation is worsened by the ongoing insurgency and terrorist activities in the area. AIM: The aim of this paper is to present the research findings from a cohort study aimed at the analysis of the estimation of the survivorship time of the real data of cancer patients in the North-eastern part of Nigeria and to establish if the insurgency in the region has contributed negatively to the life expectancy of its inhabitants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The record of 1,090 patients from medical records departments of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), located in Maiduguri, the capital city of Borno State in northeast Nigeria was obtained. The record showed patients that were diagnosed and died of one type of cancer or the other from 2004 to 2017. All the cancer cases included in the present study were grouped into sex, age, marital status, occupation, date admitted and date of death/discharge. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyse the data using SPSS version 23 while Microsoft EXCEL and Minitab 16.0 were used for data cleansing and organisation. RESULTS: Of the 1,090 patients analysed, 920 (84.40%) experienced the event, i.e. death, while 170 (15.60%) patients were censored. The data were analysed based on the ages and sex of the patients. 50.20% of the patients were of ages 21-50 years. The proportions of patients in this age bracket surviving past 7 days are 75%, while those between ages 80 years and above is 12 days. Others are of survival time of 5 days (ages 0-20 years) and 7 days (51-79 years). Using sex, 75% of the patients’ survival time is 7 days in the case of male and 6 days for females. It is safe to say that the survival time for cancer patients of the university the Maiduguri is 6 days and the result reflects the Northeastern part of Nigeria. This is because the hospital is one of few tertiary healthcare facilities in that area and consequently, cancer cases are often referred there. CONCLUSION: Cancer incidence is high, and the probability of survival reduces as the survival time increases. This is a dire situation in need of urgent intervention from the government, groups and individuals to tackle the scourge of cancer, thereby improving on the life expectancy battered by the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency in that region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Analysis of Cancer Patients in North Eastern Nigeria from 2004 – 2017 – A Kaplan - Meier Method

Adamu

Opoola

Bishop

2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…HIV infection and cigarette smoking are also common predisposing factors. 1,3,9,19 As shown in Table 1, the terminology and definitions for premalignant or precursor lesions of vulvar cancer have been reviewed and changed in the last decades. Currently, such lesions arising from the vulva and the anus are all included and named as "lower anogenital squamous intraepithelial lesions."…”

Section: Warty/basaloid Scc Generally Occurs In Younger Women Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reinforcing this epidemiological change, differences in terms of current incidence or age at presentation can be found between countries and regions; some may be explained by a different local HPV prevalence or other risk factors (e.g. ethnic distribution, smoking, atrophy or inflammation, HIV) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer of the vulva

Rogers

Cuello

2018

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

131

125

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Vulvar cancer is an uncommon gynecological malignancy primarily affecting postmenopausal women. There is no specific screening and the most effective strategy to reduce vulvar cancer incidence is the opportune treatment of predisposing and preneoplastic lesions associated with its development. While vulvar cancer may be asymptomatic, most women present with vulvar pruritus or pain, or have noticed a lump or ulcer. Therefore, any suspicious vulvar lesion should be biopsied to exclude invasion. Once established, the most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment of vulvar cancer depends primarily on histology and surgical staging. Treatment is predominantly surgical, particularly for squamous cell carcinoma, although concurrent chemoradiation is an effective alternative, particularly for advanced tumors. Management should be individualized, and carried out by a multidisciplinary team in a cancer center experienced in the treatment of these tumors.

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“…Moreover, 39% of patients in Amavi study[9] and 53.3% in Butt et al . [3] were at stages III and IV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvar cancer in Iran: Retrospective study over 20 years (1998-2018)

Mousavi

Yousefnezhad

Modarres-Gilani

et al. 2019

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background: We did not have any data about vulvar cancer — as a fourth cause of gynecological cancer in the worldwide — in our country. Study Design: Our study is designed to evaluate the frequency, stage and outcome of patients with vulvar cancer. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we studied patients’ records with diagnosis of vulvar cancer who referred to department of gynecology oncology, Emam-Khomeini Hospital (EKH), Tehran, Iran, between January 1998 and December 2018. A total of 106 cases of vulvar cancers were found in the records of outpatient oncology clinic of medical university of Tehran university. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis with SPSS version of 24. Results: Mean age of the 106 patients in the study was 59.2 years. The most site of tumor involvement was major labial (39.1%). Vulvar cancer significantly was more in multiparous ( P < 0.001) and menopause patients ( P < 0.001). Squamous Cell Carcinoma was the most pathology of vulvar cancer (72.2%). Ninety patients (84.9%) had surgery as a primary treatment and 48 (53.3%) of these patients received adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiation after surgery. Mean duration of patient's follow up was 82.4 ± 68.3 month. Five-year survival of our patients in all stages was 71%. Conclusions: Our findings are located between developed and underdeveloped countries. Our patients are diagnosed nearly in earlier stages of disease and 84.9%t of them had surgery as a primary treatment, so earlier surgery resulted in good survival of patients.

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Vulvar cancer is not a disease of the elderly: Treatment and outcome at a tertiary referral centre in South Africa

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Survival Analysis of Cancer Patients in North Eastern Nigeria from 2004 – 2017 – A Kaplan - Meier Method

Survival Analysis of Cancer Patients in North Eastern Nigeria from 2004 – 2017 – A Kaplan - Meier Method

Cancer of the vulva

Vulvar cancer in Iran: Retrospective study over 20 years (1998-2018)

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