“…The RNN is a probabilistic computational model which was inspired by the spiking behavior of neurons, and which has a well-developed mathematical theory [23,24,31] and efficient learning algorithms for recurrent networks [25,33,38]. The RNN has been successfully applied to several problems in engineering and information sciences, including pattern recognition [9,10,30,34], classification [32], image/video processing and compression [15][16][17]29,37], DoS attack detection [35,51,52], and others that can be found in numerous reviews on the subject [26,27,61].…”