Waist Circumference and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Prepubertal Children

Maffeis, Claudio; Pietrobelli, Angelo; Grezzani, Alessandra; Provera, Stefano; Tatò, Luciano

doi:10.1038/oby.2001.19

Cited by 379 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the results of the present study are consistent with previous investigations of adiposity and BP in young children. [28][29][30][31][32][33] The results also provide further evidence that simple anthropometric indices such as the BMI, skinfolds, and WC are important and feasible measures to identify young children who may be at risk of subsequent obesity, hypertension, and CVD. To support the use of simple anthropometric indices in clinical settings, we have previously shown that the BMI and skinfold thickness are highly correlated with DXA measures of %BF, FFM, and FM in this sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

2005

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between overall and central adiposity, a family history of coronary heart disease (FHCHD), and blood pressure (BP) in young children. We were specifically interested in determining whether the relationship between adiposity and BP was modified by a FHCHD. Subjects were 130 (68 males, 62 females) young children (mean age 6.0 years). Indicators of adiposity included the body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, and body composition determined by dual energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DXA). BP was measured by standard procedures. FHCHD was reported by the parent on a questionnaire. Approximately 19% of the total sample was classified as overweight and almost 50% were classified as prehypertensive (22.4%) or hypertensive (24.8%). In the total sample, 21 of 27 correlations were significant and ranged from 0.03 to 0.52. Correlations for systolic blood pressure appeared to be stronger in female subjects. Most of the correlations for diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significant in both sexes and, in general, ranged between 0.30 and 0.50. Overweight status was significantly associated with high BP (crude odds ratio ¼ 3.65, 95% confidence intervals 1.40-9.49). There were no significant associations between a positive FHCHD and BP, and the correlations between BMI, WC, and BP were similar in magnitude in subjects with and without a FHCHD. In conclusion, both overall and central adiposity are important determinants of resting BP in young children. A FHCHD was not associated with BP and nor were the associations between adiposity and BP modified by a FHCHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

2005

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“…This finding is not surprising because all but five of the girls had a waist circumference above the 90th centile of the reference for age and sex. Previous studies in prepubertal children have shown that subjects with a waist circumference above the cut-off value of the 90th centile for age and sex have a high risk of obesity-related morbidity (Maffeis et al, 2001). In addition, in our sample, more than 20% of girls had three or more metabolic or cardiovascular risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, studies on children seem to confirm the usefulness of waist circumference as an appropriate index of metabolic and cardiovascular risk also in the pre-puberty years (Freedman et al, 1999;Maffeis et al, 2001). However, few data are available for the period during puberty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waist circumference as a predictor of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in obese girls

Maffeis¹,

Corciulo²,

Livieri³

et al. 2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: (a) to explore the relationship between waist circumference and certain cardiovascular risk factors in a group of girls; and (b) to assess the clinical relevance of waist circumference in identifying girls with higher cardiovascular risk across puberty. Subjects and methods: One-hundred and fifty-five overweight or obese girls aged 5 -16 y were recruited. Overweight and obesity were defined on the basis of BMI, according to Cole. Results: Waist circumference was significantly correlated with plasma insulin (r ¼ 0.43; P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r ¼ 0.22; P ¼ 0.007) and IR HOMA (r ¼ 0.40; P < 0.001). A multivariate linear correlation analysis showed that, when adjusted for age and Tanner stage, waist circumference was significantly associated with plasma insulin (r 2 ¼ 0.23; P < 0.01), IR HOMA (r 2 ¼ 0.17; P < 0.02), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r 2 ¼ 0.20; P ¼ 0.006 and r 2 ¼ 0.32; P < 0.001, respectively). A logistic regression analysis, using IR HOMA as the dependent variable, showed that waist circumference was a significant independent risk factor of insulin resistance (IR HOMA 5 2.6) in this group of girls (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.03 -1.18; P ¼ 0.003), independently of their age and Tanner stage. Conclusions: Waist circumference of these girls was independently associated with certain cardiovascular risk factors, in particular insulin resistance and diastolic blood pressure, independently of age and Tanner stage. Thus suggesting that waist circumference may be reasonably included in clinical practice as a simple tool that may help to identify sub-groups of obese girls at higher metabolic risk across puberty.

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“…Generally, logistic regression was used to calculate the age-adjusted odds ratio for hypertension and the 95% confidence interval (CI). [21][22][23][24][26][27][28] Maffeis et al 29 performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis with backward stepping of variables and an evaluation of the model using three goodness of fit X 2 statistics, whereas Addo et al 13 used both univariate and multivariate regression models to calculate the odds ratio for hypertension. Barger and Muldoon 25 used the ordinal regression model, the cumulative odds model to evaluate differences in self-rated health as a function of hypertension status, labelling which further provides an extension of logistic regression for determining the odds ratios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk factors for elevated blood pressure and how to address cardiovascular risk factors: a review in paediatric populations

Monyeki

Kemper²

2008

J Hum Hypertens

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This paper examines the epidemiology of hypertension and management strategies of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in paediatric populations in sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world in the 21st century. A computerized literature search was carried out using Medline, Evidence-Based Child Health (A Cochrane Review Journal), the Cochrane Library and Cochrane Child Health Field. A manual search in the African Journal for physical, health education, recreation and dance, the South African Journal for Research in Sports, Physical Education and Recreation and a few individuals in the area were requested to send some of their recent unpublished and published reports in the field.High prevalence rates and high odds ratios for high blood pressure (BP) were recorded in children aged 5-17 years. There is a need for health ministries to improve the public health sector so as to close the gap between the rich and the poor. Although personal and parental responsibility remain crucial, it also falls on the government to help control powerful environmental factors that are leading our children to premature ill-health and mortality. Equally, health professionals are increasingly recognized that they have a significant role to play in delivering medical treatment of hypertension in children.

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Waist Circumference and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Prepubertal Children

Cited by 379 publications

References 33 publications

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

Waist circumference as a predictor of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in obese girls

The risk factors for elevated blood pressure and how to address cardiovascular risk factors: a review in paediatric populations

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