Walk or run? is high-intensity exercise more effective than moderate-intensity exercise at reducing cardiovascular risk?

Rankin, Alastair; MacIntyre, P D; Hillis, W S

doi:10.1258/smj.2011.011284

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our results lend some support to previous reviews, which have concluded that MOPA provides protection against depression and cardiovascular risk, but that vigorous-intensity PA provides greater protection (21,(23)(24)(25). Our adjusted results suggest that at 500-1000 METIminIwk j1 level (meeting guidelines), there is an 18% reduction (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75-0.91) in risk of HT for MOPA but a 27% reduction (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.62-0.86) in risk in those who reported MVPA compared with the risk in the inactive referent group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Does Vigorous Physical Activity Provide Additional Benefits beyond Those of Moderate?

Pavey

Peeters

Bauman³

et al. 2013

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Background: Although guidelines suggest that vigorous physical activity (PA) confers ''extra'' benefits compared with those from moderate-intensity activity alone, the magnitude of this additional benefit is unclear. The aim was to compare the reduction in risk of hypertension (HT) and depressive symptoms (DS) for 12 yr in middle-age women who reported (a) only moderate-intensity PA (MOPA) and (b) a combination of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), after controlling for overall volume of activity. Methods: The study involved 11,285 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, who completed surveys in 1998 (age = 46-52 yr), 2001, 2004, 2007, and 2010. Generalized estimating equation models (with 3-yr time lag) were used to examine the relationship between PA in seven categories from 0 to 92000 METIminIwk j1 and occurrence of HT and DS for women who reported MOPA or MVPA. Results: For HT, risk was slightly lower for MVPA than for MOPA across the entire range of PA levels, but this difference was only significant at the highest PA level (92000; odds ratio [OR] = 0.80 MOPA and 0.56 MVPA). For DS, OR values were similar in both groups up to 500 METIminIwk j1 , then slightly lower for MVPA than for MOPA at higher PA levels. Again, this difference was only significant at the highest PA level (92000; OR = 0.57 MOPA and 0.42 MVPA). OR values were slightly attenuated in adjusted models. Conclusions: Doing both vigorous and moderate activity does not have significant additional benefits in terms of HT and DS, above those from moderate-intensity activity alone, except at very high levels of PA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Does Vigorous Physical Activity Provide Additional Benefits beyond Those of Moderate?

Pavey

Peeters

Bauman³

et al. 2013

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…Moreover, cardioprotective effects of exercise have been extensively described [6]. It was shown that isoproterenol caused hypertrophy, necrosis, apoptosis, fibrosis, and reduced capillary size in the left ventricle (LV) [7]; interestingly, all negative effects of sympathetic hyperactivity were prevented by exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training Can Prevent Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Sympathetic Hyperactivity with Modulation of Kallikrein-Kinin Pathway and Angiogenesis

et al. 2014

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Sympathetic hyperactivity induces adverse effects in myocardial. Recent studies have shown that exercise training induces cardioprotection against sympathetic overload; however, relevant mechanisms of this issue remain unclear. We analyzed whether exercise can prevent pathological hypertrophy induced by sympathetic hyperactivity with modulation of the kallikrein-kinin and angiogenesis pathways. Male Wistar rats were assigned to non-trained group that received vehicle; non-trained isoproterenol treated group (Iso, 0.3 mg kg−1 day−1); and trained group (Iso+Exe) which was subjected to sympathetic hyperactivity with isoproterenol. The Iso rats showed hypertrophy and myocardial dysfunction with reduced force development and relaxation of muscle. The isoproterenol induced severe fibrosis, apoptosis and reduced myocardial capillary. Interestingly, exercise blunted hypertrophy, myocardial dysfunction, fibrosis, apoptosis and capillary decreases. The sympathetic hyperactivity was associated with high abundance of ANF mRNA and β-MHC mRNA, which was significantly attenuated by exercise. The tissue kallikrein was augmented in the Iso+Exe group, and kinin B1 receptor mRNA was increased in the Iso group. Moreover, exercise induced an increase of kinin B2 receptor mRNA in myocardial. The myocardial content of eNOS, VEGF, VEGF receptor 2, pAkt and Bcl-2 were increased in the Iso+Exe group. Likewise, increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bad in the Iso rats was prevented by prior exercise. Our results represent the first demonstration that exercise can modulate kallikrein-kinin and angiogenesis pathways in the myocardial on sympathetic hyperactivity. These findings suggest that kallikrein-kinin and angiogenesis may have a key role in protecting the heart.

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“…Clinically, it has been suggested that exercise intensity, not frequency or duration, is the most important variable for cardioprotection [40]. Thus further study using varying levels of exercise and longer follow up after isoproterenol may provide more mechanistic insights into the relationship between exercise intensity and ATP metabolism in the RBC in its role in cardiovascular protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study to Assess Adenosine 5’-triphosphate Metabolism in Red Blood Cells as a Drug Target for Potential Cardiovascular Protection

Yeung

Tinkel²,

Seeto³

2016

CHDDT

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Objective: To study the effect of exercise preconditioning on adenosine 5’triphosphate (ATP) metabolism in red blood cells and cardiovascular protection against injury induced by isoproterenol in vivo. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (SDR) were each exercised on a treadmill for 15 minutes at 10 m/min and 10% grade (n = 7) (LowEx), or 14 m/min and 22% grade (n = 8) (VigEx). Two hours after the exercise, each rat received a single dose of isoproterenol (30 mg/kg) by subcutaneous (sc) injection. Two separate groups of SDR were used as control: One received no exercise (n = 10) (NoEx) and the other received no exercise and no isoproterenol (n = 11) (NoIso). Serial blood samples were collected over 5 hours for measurement of ATP and its catabolites by a validated HPLC. Hemodynamic recording was collected continuously for  the duration of the experiment. Data were analysed using ANOVA and t-tests and difference considered significant at  p < 0.05. Results: Exercise pre-conditioning (both LowEx and VigEx) reduced mortality after isoproterenol from 50% to < 30%  (p > 0.05). It attenuated the rebound in blood pressure significantly (p < 0.05 between NoEx vs VigEx), attenuated the increase of RBC adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) concentrations induced by isoproterenol, and also decreased the breakdown of ATP to AMP in the RBC (p < 0.05 vs NoEx). Conclusion: Exercise pre-conditioning decreased the blood pressure rebound and also breakdown of ATP in RBC after isoproterenol which may be exploited further as a drug target for cardiovascular protection and prevention.

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Walk or run? is high-intensity exercise more effective than moderate-intensity exercise at reducing cardiovascular risk?

Cited by 52 publications

References 48 publications

Does Vigorous Physical Activity Provide Additional Benefits beyond Those of Moderate?

Does Vigorous Physical Activity Provide Additional Benefits beyond Those of Moderate?

Exercise Training Can Prevent Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Sympathetic Hyperactivity with Modulation of Kallikrein-Kinin Pathway and Angiogenesis

A Pilot Study to Assess Adenosine 5’-triphosphate Metabolism in Red Blood Cells as a Drug Target for Potential Cardiovascular Protection

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