Wandel prähistorischer Landschaften. Kolluvien, Auenlehme und Böden: Archive zur Rekonstruktion vorgeschichtlicher anthropogener Landschaftsveränderungen im Lößgebiet bei Regensburg

Niller, Hans-Peter

doi:10.3112/erdkunde.2001.01.03

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A significant temporal offset between the beginning of agricultural hillslope colluviation and a geomorphologically significant alluvial aggradation through the supply of soil-erosion derived sediment to floodplains is an often recorded phenomenon of European watersheds. A variety of authors report a millennial-scale lag of alluvial aggradation beginning only in the Bronze Age (Brown and Barber, 1985; Fuchs et al, 2010), the Iron Age (Allée and Lespez, 2006; De Moor et al, 2008; Lang and Nolte, 1999; Lespez et al, 2008; Niller, 2001; Notebaert et al, 2009; Verstraeten et al, 2009), or even later in the Middle Ages (Brown, 2009; Hagedorn and Rother, 1992; Havlícek, 1983; Kukulak, 2003; Macklin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Changes Of Connectivity In Past Human–natural Sediment Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A growing number of authors point out that in floodplain settings the timing of stratigraphic changes from natural to human-amplified overbank sedimentation, as well as changes in rates of anthropogenic sedimentation, do not correlate with changes in the history of clearance, settlement, and/or agricultural activities (e.g. Allée and Lespez, 2006; Brown and Barber, 1985; De Moor et al 2008; Fuchs et al, 2010; Niller, 2001; Notebaert et al, 2009; Verstraeten et al, 2009; see overview by Notebaert and Verstraeten, 2010). Frequently, a kind of ‘overflow hypothesis’ is used to explain the often millennial-scale lag between hillslope colluviation and alluviation on contiguous floodplain sections (Fuchs et al, 2010; Kadereit et al, 2010; Notebaert et al, 2009; Rommens et al, 2006; Stolz and Grunert, 2008) implying a process–response mechanism by which crossing a morphological threshold of maximum downslope colluvial aggradation promotes the breaching of hillside/valley floor barriers and delivers soil-derived material to contiguous valley floors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asynchronous Holocene colluvial and alluvial aggradation: A matter of hydrosedimentary connectivity

et al. 2012

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Based on Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating we establish chronologies of colluviation and alluviation in different floodplain sections of the northwestern Wetterau loess basin (Germany). Similar to some other European valley floors, Holocene floodplain aggradation is marked by two important breaks: (1) a millennial-scale delay between the Neolithic agricultural colluviation and floodplain aggradation. In loess catchments agricultural colluviation started at about 7000 cal. BP and anthropogenic floodplain aggradation only at about 2200 ± 200 cal. BP; (2) a centennial-scale variability in a temporary rise in rates of anthropogenic floodplain aggradation (up to 3.6 ± 1.7 mm/yr) during the High Middle Ages in directly neighbouring reaches. Independent archaeologic, historic, and vegetation records document distinct agricultural histories of hillsides and floodplains and highlight the importance of hydrosedimentary connectivity as compared with land use intensity. The late Iron Age start of alluviation can be linked to the introduction of an integrated land use system with intense cultivation on hillsides and immediate neighbouring floodplains. The centennial-scale variability of medieval peak aggradation is a result of the successive introduction (or temporal failure) of hydraulic water milling infrastructure. Using palaeoecological and geomorphological information for reconstructing cause and consequence of sediment redistribution in coupled human-natural systems requires firm information about the spatial organisation and technological abilities that are associated with socio-agricultural transformations.

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Section: Changes Of Connectivity In Past Human–natural Sediment Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asynchronous Holocene colluvial and alluvial aggradation: A matter of hydrosedimentary connectivity

et al. 2012

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“…On smaller scales, various methods have been used in the past few years to investigate former floodplains from disparate historical periods. Niller [40] explored the changes in the prehistoric riverine landscape close to Regensburg (Germany). By studying soils, indicators of the stability of a landscape, interrelationships can be found between anthropogenic influences on the landscape and soil type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can We Identify Active, Former, and Potential Floodplains? Methods and Lessons Learned from the Danube River

Eder

Perosa

Hohensinner

et al. 2022

Water

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Floodplains are a fundamental source of multiple functions and services. Despite their various benefits, a dramatic reduction in floodplain areas has occurred in most large river systems over the last few centuries, and is still ongoing. Human modifications (such as river regulation, dam construction, and land use changes) due to economic growth, increasing population size, etc., were and still are drivers of major floodplain losses. Therefore, studies offering solutions for floodplain preservation and restoration are of great importance for sustainable floodplain management. This paper presents methods to identify active, former, and potential floodplains, and their application to the Danube River. We used hydraulic data, historical sources, and recent geospatial data to delineate the three floodplain types. Fifty hydraulically active floodplains larger than 500 ha were identified. According to our results, the extent of Danube floodplains has been reduced by around 79%. With the support of different representatives from the Danube countries, we identified 24 potential floodplains. However, the share of active and potential floodplains in relation to former floodplains ranges between 5% and 49%, demonstrating the huge potential for additional restoration sites. This analysis contributes to an understanding of the current and the past floodplain situation, increases awareness of the dramatic floodplain loss along the Danube, and serves as a basis for future floodplain management.

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Land degradation in Bronze Age Germany: Archaeological, pedological, and chronometrical evidence from a hilltop settlement on the Frauenberg, Niederbayern

Lang¹,

Niller²,

Rind³

2003

Geoarchaeology

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This paper examines the effects of early agriculture and land use in the vicinity of a Bronze Age fortress at Weltenburg, Germany. Sediments and soils found below archaeological structures are compared with sediments and soils surrounding these structures. A chronology is established using relative archaeological dating, 14 C dating of charcoal fragments, TL dating of heated objects, and OSL dating of sediments. Results demonstrate dramatic environmental changes that occurred as early as the Bronze Age. Erosion resulting from agriculture stripped away most Holocene soils and Pleistocene sediments, transforming the natural landscape into a severely degraded cultural landscape. Since the Bronze Age, only minor changes have occurred because agriculture is limited on the degraded soils and the clay-rich soil remnants are resistant to further erosion. ᭧

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Wandel prähistorischer Landschaften. Kolluvien, Auenlehme und Böden: Archive zur Rekonstruktion vorgeschichtlicher anthropogener Landschaftsveränderungen im Lößgebiet bei Regensburg

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Asynchronous Holocene colluvial and alluvial aggradation: A matter of hydrosedimentary connectivity

Asynchronous Holocene colluvial and alluvial aggradation: A matter of hydrosedimentary connectivity

How Can We Identify Active, Former, and Potential Floodplains? Methods and Lessons Learned from the Danube River

Land degradation in Bronze Age Germany: Archaeological, pedological, and chronometrical evidence from a hilltop settlement on the Frauenberg, Niederbayern

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