Wandering Minds with Wandering Brain Networks

Zhou, Xinqi; Lei, Xu

doi:10.1007/s12264-018-0278-7

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This finding might be related to previous empirical demonstration that transcranial direct current stimulation of the DLPFC (1) modulates functional connectivity within DMN components 44,45 , and (2) increases the propensity to mind wander 46,47 (although debated, see Ref. 48 ), a brain state during which DMN activity is particularly high 49,50 . Activity within nodes of the executive control network might therefore modulate the dynamic stability of the posterior DMN, but future studies in larger groups of participants are mandatory to confirm that statement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Alterations in resting-state network dynamics along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum

Puttaert

Coquelet

Wens

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Human brain activity is intrinsically organized into resting-state networks (RSNs) that transiently activate or deactivate at the sub-second timescale. Few neuroimaging studies have addressed how Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects these fast temporal brain dynamics, and how they relate to the cognitive, structural and metabolic abnormalities characterizing AD. We aimed at closing this gap by investigating both brain structure and function using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and hybrid positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET/MR) in 10 healthy elders, 10 patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 10 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 10 patients with typical Alzheimer’s disease with dementia (AD). The fast activation/deactivation state dynamics of RSNs were assessed using hidden Markov modeling (HMM) of power envelope fluctuations at rest measured with MEG. Correlations were sought between temporal properties of HMM states and participants' cognitive test scores, whole hippocampal grey matter volume and regional brain glucose metabolism. The posterior default-mode network (DMN) was less often activated and for shorter durations in AD patients than matched healthy elders. No significant difference was found in patients with SCD or aMCI. The time spent by participants in the activated posterior DMN state did not correlate significantly with cognitive scores, nor with the whole hippocampal volume. However, it correlated positively with the regional glucose consumption in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). AD patients present alterations of posterior DMN power activation dynamics at rest that identify an additional electrophysiological correlate of AD-related synaptic and neural dysfunction. The right DLPFC may play a causal role in the activation of the posterior DMN, possibly linked to the occurrence of mind wandering episodes. As such, these data might suggest a neural correlate of the decrease in mind wandering episodes reported in pathological aging.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Alterations in resting-state network dynamics along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum

Puttaert

Coquelet

Wens

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In this contextual framework, DMN engagement reflects “relaxation” of attentional foci to facilitate mental shifts. Network activation at rest, particularly during mind-wandering, would be explained by ongoing shifts in thought processes and their mental context (Kucyi and Davis, 2014; Mittner et al, 2016; Zhou and Lei, 2018). The existence of distinct subsystems within human DMN provides strong support for functional specialization within this network that may dually subserve contextual encoding (dorsal stream) and introspective processing (ventral stream).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable default-mode subnetworks subserve childhood attention and cognitive flexibility: evidence from deep learning and stereotaxic electroencephalography

Warsi

Wong

Germann

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Cognitive flexibility encompasses the ability to efficiently shift focus and forms a critical component of goal-directed attention. The neural substrates of this process are incompletely understood in part due to difficulties in sampling the involved circuitry. Methods: Stereotactic intracranial recordings that permit direct resolution of local-field potentials from otherwise inaccessible structures were employed to study moment-to-moment attentional activity in children with epilepsy during the performance of an attentional set-shifting task. A combined deep learning and model-agnostic feature explanation approach was used to analyze these data and decode attentionally-relevant neural features. Connectomic profiling of highly predictive attentional nodes was further employed to examine task-related engagement of large-scale functional networks. Results: Through this approach, we show that beta/gamma power within executive control, salience, and default mode networks accurately predicts single-trial attentional performance. Connectomic profiling reveals that key attentional nodes exclusively recruit dorsal default mode subsystems during attentional shifts. Conclusions: The identification of distinct substreams within the default mode system supports a key role for this network in cognitive flexibility and attention in children. Furthermore, convergence of our results onto consistent functional networks despite significant inter-subject variability in electrode implantations supports a broader role for deep learning applied to intracranial electrodes in the study of human attention. Funding: No funds supported this specific investigation. Awards and grants supporting authors include: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Vanier Scholarship (NMW, HY); CIHR Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship Doctoral Award (SMW); CIHR Canada Graduate Scholarship Master’s Award (ONA); and a CIHR project grant (GMI).

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“…Early fMRI research (without tDCS) demonstrated that the SART used with interspersed thought-probes successfully activated the DMN during reported episodes of ‘off-task’ and the ECN for ‘on-task’ responses 18,23 . However, subsequent research using the same design was unable to replicate this 24 or used independent component analysis (ICA) to identify networks of interests instead 54 . Our results are in line with this and may suggest a lack of power to reliably identify the regions of interest in the GLM analyses, but also may highlight the unreliability of participant self-reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DLPFC-tDCS unable to modulate mind-wandering propensity nor underlying functional or effective brain connectivity

Coulborn

Fernández‐Espejo

2022

Preprint

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There is conflicting evidence over the ability to modulate mind-wandering propensity with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC-tDCS). Here, 20 participants received 20-minutes of anodal and sham DLPFC-tDCS while in the MRI scanner, in two separate sessions (counterbalanced). In each session, they completed two runs of a sustained attention to response task (before and during tDCS), which included probes recording subjective responses of mind-wandering. We assessed the effects of tDCS on behavioural responses as well as functional and effective dynamics, via dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) and dynamic causal modelling analyses over regions of the default mode, salience and executive control networks. Behavioural results provided substantial evidence in support of no effect of tDCS on task performance nor mind-wandering propensity. Similarly, we found no effect of tDCS on frequency (how often) or dwell time (time spent) of underlying brain states nor effective connectivity. Overall, our results suggest that DLPFC-tDCS is unable to modulate mind-wandering propensity or influence underlying brain function. This expands previous behavioural replication failures in suggesting that DLPFC-tDCS may not lead to even subtle (i.e., under a behavioural threshold) changes in brain activity during self-generated cognition.

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Wandering Minds with Wandering Brain Networks

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Alterations in resting-state network dynamics along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum

Alterations in resting-state network dynamics along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum

Dissociable default-mode subnetworks subserve childhood attention and cognitive flexibility: evidence from deep learning and stereotaxic electroencephalography

DLPFC-tDCS unable to modulate mind-wandering propensity nor underlying functional or effective brain connectivity

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