Waning 2-Dose and 3-Dose Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance — VISION Network, 10 States, August 2021–January 2022

Ferdinands, Jill; Rao, Suchitra; Dixon, Brian E.; Mitchell, Patrick K.; DeSilva, Malini B.; Irving, Stephanie A.; Lewis, Ned; Natarajan, Karthik; Stenehjem, Edward; Grannis, Shaun J.; Han, Jungmi; McEvoy, Charlene; Ong, Toan C.; Naleway, Allison L.; Reese, Sarah E.; Embí, Peter J.; Dascomb, Kristin; Klein, Nicola P.; Griggs, Eric P.; Konatham, Deepika; Kharbanda, Anupam B.; Yang, Deying; Fadel, William F.; Grisel, Nancy; Goddard, Kristin; Patel, Palak; Liao, I‐Chia; Birch, Rebecca; Valvi, Nimish R; Reynolds, Sue; Arndorfer, Julie; Zerbo, Ousseny; Dickerson, Monica; Murthy, Kempapura; Williams, Jeremiah; Bozio, Catherine H; Blanton, Lenee; Verani, Jennifer R.; Schrag, Stephanie J.; Dalton, Alexandra F.; Wondimu, Habtamu; Link‐Gelles, Ruth; Azziz‐Baumgartner, Eduardo; Barron, Michelle A.; Gaglani, Manjusha; Thompson, Mark G.; Fireman, Bruce

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7107e2

Cited by 434 publications

(463 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

407

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Protective immunity induced by mRNA vaccination against COVID-19 is short lived. 16–21,35 As this was also observed in a previous trial testing an mRNA vaccine against rabies virus 36 the rapid waning of protective immunity most likely relates to the vaccine platform rather than the disease application. The short-lived duration of mRNA vaccine-induced protection contrasts with that achieved by other viral vaccines based on attenuated viruses such as the those against smallpox or yellow fever virus, subunit vaccines such as the hepatitis B virus vaccine, or virus like particle vaccines such as the HPV vaccines, which in general provide protection for at least 5-10 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Pre-clinical testing of two serologically distinct chimpanzee-origin adenovirus vectors expressing spike of SARS-CoV-2

Novikov

Hasanpourghadi

Ambrose

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two serologically distinct chimpanzee-origin, replication-defective adenovirus (AdC) vectors expressing the spike (S) protein of an early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolate were generated and tested for induction of antibodies in young and aged mice. Both vectors induced S protein-specific antibodies including neutralizing antibodies. Levels of antibodies increased after a boost. The effectiveness of the boost depended on vector dose and timing between the two immunizations. Using two heterologous AdC vectors was more effective than vaccinating with the same vector repeatedly. Antibodies partially cross- reacted between different S protein variants. Cross-reactivity increased after booster immunization with vectors carrying the same S gene, expression of two different S proteins by the AdC vectors used for the prime and the boost did not selectively increase responses against the variants.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Pre-clinical testing of two serologically distinct chimpanzee-origin adenovirus vectors expressing spike of SARS-CoV-2

Novikov

Hasanpourghadi

Ambrose

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fast deployment of the booster dose in Israel, especially in the elderly, signi cantly reduced infections, hospitalizations, and mortality rates due to Covid-19 (7)(8)(9). However, this observed immunity waned substantially after a few months, along with the rapid emergence of the omicron variant that spread widely, even in communities with a high level of vaccination (10,11). The frequent symptomatic infections among fully vaccinated individuals had increased the pressure to consider the approval of an additional booster dose to protect the vulnerable population from possible severe or fatal Covid-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second Booster Vaccine and Covid-19 Mortality in Adults 60 to 100 Years Old

Arbel

Sergienko

Friger

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rapid emergence of the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 led to a global resurgence of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Israeli authorities approved a 4th Covid-19 vaccine dose (second-booster) for individuals aged 60 and above who received a first booster dose four or more months earlier. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of a second-booster dose in reducing mortality due to Covid-19 is warranted. This retrospective cohort study included all members of Clalit Health Services, aged 60 to 100, eligible for the second-booster. Mortality due to Covid-19 among participants who received the second-booster was compared with participants who received one booster dose. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model with time-dependent covariates was used to estimate the association between the second-booster and death due to Covid-19 while adjusting for demographic factors and coexisting illnesses. A total of 563,465 participants met the eligibility criteria. Of those, 328,597 (58%) received a second-booster dose during the 40-day study period. Death due to Covid-19 occurred in 92 second-booster recipients and in 232 participants who received one booster dose (adjusted hazard ratio 0.22; 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.28). This study demonstrates a substantial reduction in Covid-19 mortality by the second-booster in eligible subjects.

show abstract

“…The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was recommended by CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for persons aged 12–15 years (referred to as adolescents in this report) on May 12, 2021, and for children aged 5–11 years on November 2, 2021 ( 1 – 4 ). Real-world data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in these age groups are needed, especially because when the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant became predominant in the United States in December 2021, early investigations of VE demonstrated a decline in protection against symptomatic infection for adolescents aged 12–15 years and adults * ( 5 ). The PROTECT † prospective cohort of 1,364 children and adolescents aged 5–15 years was tested weekly for SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of symptoms, and upon COVID-19–associated illness during July 25, 2021–February 12, 2022.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of 2-Dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) mRNA Vaccine in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children Aged 5–11 Years and Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years — PROTECT Cohort, July 2021–February 2022

Fowlkes¹,

Yoon²,

Lutrick³

et al. 2022

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

Self Cite

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

March 11, 2022, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr).The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was recommended by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for persons aged 12-15 years (referred to as adolescents in this report) on May 12, 2021, and for children aged 5-11 years on November 2, 2021 (1-4). Realworld data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in these age groups are needed, especially because when the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant became predominant in the United States in December 2021, early investigations of VE demonstrated a decline in protection against symptomatic infection for adolescents aged 12-15 years and adults* (5). The PROTECT † prospective cohort of 1,364 children and adolescents aged 5-15 years was tested weekly for SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of symptoms, and upon COVID-19-associated illness during July 25, 2021-February 12, 2022. Among unvaccinated participants (i.e., those who had received no COVID-19 vaccine doses) with any laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, those with B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant infections were more likely to report COVID-19 symptoms (66%) than were those with Omicron infections (49%). Among fully vaccinated children aged 5-11 years, VE against any symptomatic and asymptomatic Omicron infection 14-82 days (the longest interval after dose 2 in this age group) after receipt of dose 2 of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was 31% (95% CI = 9%-48%), adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, health information, frequency of social contact, mask use, location, and local virus circulation. Among adolescents aged 12-15 years, adjusted VE 14-149 days after dose 2 was 87% (95% CI = 49%-97%) against symptomatic and asymptomatic Delta infection and 59% (95% CI = 22%-79%) against Omicron infection. Fully *

show abstract

Waning 2-Dose and 3-Dose Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance — VISION Network, 10 States, August 2021–January 2022

Cited by 434 publications

References 8 publications

Pre-clinical testing of two serologically distinct chimpanzee-origin adenovirus vectors expressing spike of SARS-CoV-2

Pre-clinical testing of two serologically distinct chimpanzee-origin adenovirus vectors expressing spike of SARS-CoV-2

Second Booster Vaccine and Covid-19 Mortality in Adults 60 to 100 Years Old

Effectiveness of 2-Dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) mRNA Vaccine in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children Aged 5–11 Years and Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years — PROTECT Cohort, July 2021–February 2022

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About