Waning of Anti-spike Antibodies in AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) Vaccinated Healthcare Providers: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Mishra, Sanjeeb Kumar; Pradhan, Subrat Kumar; Pati, Sanghamitra; Sahu, Sumanta Kumar; Nanda, Rajiv K.

doi:10.7759/cureus.19879

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…This difference in antibody levels may be due, in addition to geographical and racial variations, to the small number of participants in our study compared to the Indian study (41 vs. 308, respectively). In a study conducted by Mishra and his collaborators on 122 health workers who received a full dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, a high seroprevalence rate (94.26%) similar to the prevalence obtained in our study (90%, 37/41) was reported [ 51 ]. A study conducted on 203 BBIBP-CorV vaccine recipients showed a high seroprevalence rate of 95.07% three months post-vaccination [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Various studies that were conducted in order to understand the kinetics and durability of antibodies induced after vaccination (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BBIBP-CorV) showed that the immune response persists for up to three to four months, but begins to decline significantly over time [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. A study of 122 healthy individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2, where the authors used the same test used in this study to determine the level of antibodies six months after the second dose, reported a decrease in the level of antibodies, but this level was still very high compared to our study (1383 AU/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 5 Months Post Complete Vaccination of Moroccan Healthcare Workers

et al. 2022

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Data about the duration of antibodies after vaccination show that the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection begins to decline over time. This study aims to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG levels in healthcare workers five months after the second vaccination dose. We collected samples from 82 participants who were fully vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BBIBP-CorV. We assessed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using a Euroimmun ELISA and an Abbott Architect ™ SARS-CoV-2 IgG test. Of the 82 participants, 65.85% were seropositive for IgG using ELISA, and 86.59% were positive for IgG according to the Abbott Architect ™ test. Individuals vaccinated with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine had a median anti-S1 antibody level of 1.810 AU/mL [interquartile range (IQR), 1.080–3.7340] and 171.7 AU/mL [79.9–684.6] according to the Euroimmun ELISA and Abbott Architect test, respectively. These tests indicated that people vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV had a median anti-S1 antibody level of 1.840 AU/mL [0.810–2.960] and 126.7 AU/mL [54.9–474.3], respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the positivity rates of the vaccinated individuals, either for gender or for age. In addition, we found no significant difference between the two vaccines. Our study provides information on the longevity of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in people at least five months after vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 5 Months Post Complete Vaccination of Moroccan Healthcare Workers

et al. 2022

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“…Our finding is in contrary to the only other longitudinal study of Covaxin in Indian HCWs that found a 4-fold decrease in median anti-spike antibody titer at 6-month whilst Covishield recipient had only 2-fold decline despite a significantly higher median antibody titer with Covishield at all time points vs. Covaxin [ 11 ]. As mentioned earlier, other Indian study reported a 72% decay rate in antibody titre at 6-month in Covishield recipient [ 10 ]. The reason for this discrepancy of slow decay of antibody with Covaxin in our study is not exactly known and needs to be studied, however, however at least one comparative Indian study found Covaxin generating better cell-mediated immunity compared to Covishield whilst Covishield was more effective in inducing humoral immunity compared to Covaxin [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In a cross-sectional longitudinal study of 552 participants from England and Wales there was a significant decline in anti-spike antibody both with ChAdOx1 (five-fold decline) and BNT162b2 (two-fold decline) at 10-weeks after two complete doses of either vaccine [ 9 ]. From the Indian vaccine study standpoint, a prospective longitudinal study from India involving 122 HCWs found a substantial decline in levels of anti-spike antibody (S1 subunit) at 6-month compared to the peak values (one month) after the second dose of the Covishield vaccine, suggesting a sharper decay rate of 72% [ 10 ]. Another longitudinal cohort study involving 533 HCWs that compared humoral response in both Covishield and Covaxin recipients found a 2- and 4-fold decrease in anti-spike antibody titer respectively, at 6 months, when measured as median value (95% IQR) [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study

Singh

Phatak

Singh

et al. 2022

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

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Background and aims There is limited data available on longitudinal humoral antibody dynamics following two doses of ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 among Indians. Methods We conducted a 6-month longitudinal study in vaccinated healthcare workers by serially measuring quantitative anti-spike antibody at 3-weeks, 3-months and 6-months after the completion of second dose. Geometric mean titer (GMT) and linear mixed models were used to assess the dynamics of antibody levels at 6 months. Results Of the 481 participants, GMT of anti-spike antibody decreased by 56% at 6-months regardless of age, gender, blood group, body-mass index and comorbidities in 360 SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals but significantly more in hypertensives. Participants with past infection had significantly higher GMT at all time points compared to naive individuals. Among SARS-CoV-2 naive cohorts, a significantly higher GMT was noted amongst the Covishield recipients at all time points, but there was a 44% decline in GMT at 6-month compared to peak titer period. Decline in GMT was insignificant (8%) in Covaxin recipients at 6-month despite a lower GMT at all time points vs. Covishield. There was 5.6-fold decrease in seropositivity rate at 6-month with both vaccines. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a lower seropositivity rate at all the time points. While seropositivity rate was significantly higher with Covishield vs. Covaxin at all time points except at 6-month where Covaxin recipients had a higher seropositivity but no difference noted in propensity-matched analysis. Conclusions There is waning humoral antibody response following two doses of either vaccine at six months. Covishield recipients had a higher anti-spike antibody GMT compared with Covaxin at all-time points, however a significant decline in antibody titers was seen with Covishield but not with Covaxin at 6-months.

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“…In those who previously had COVID-19, a single dose induced very high levels of ACE2-blocking antibodies and antibodies to RBDs [44]. Mishra et al [45] analyzed the kinetics of the change in antibody levels for this vaccine and showed a significant decrease in antibody levels 6 months after injection. In their research, as in ours, the history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was the only significant factor in antibody levels for ChAdOx1-2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG against the S Protein: A Comparison of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines

et al. 2022

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Background: COVID-19 vaccines induce a differentiated humoral and cellular response, and one of the comparable parameters of the vaccine response is the determination of IgG antibodies. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed at three time points (at the beginning of May, at the end of June and at the end of September). Serum samples were obtained from 954 employees of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (a total of three samples each were obtained from 511 vaccinated participants). IgG antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The statistical analysis included comparisons between vaccines, between convalescents and COVID-19 non-patients, between individual measurements and included the gender, age and blood groups of participants. Results: There were significant differences in antibody levels between mRNA and vector vaccines. People vaccinated with mRNA-1273 achieved the highest levels of antibodies, regardless of the time since full vaccination. People vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 produced several times lower antibody levels compared to the mRNA vaccines, while the antibody levels were more stable. In the case of each of the vaccines, the factor having the strongest impact on the level and stability of the IgG antibody titers was previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were no significant correlations with age, gender and blood type. Summary: mRNA vaccines induce a stronger humoral response of the immune system with the fastest loss of antibodies over time.

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Waning of Anti-spike Antibodies in AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) Vaccinated Healthcare Providers: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 5 Months Post Complete Vaccination of Moroccan Healthcare Workers

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 5 Months Post Complete Vaccination of Moroccan Healthcare Workers

Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG against the S Protein: A Comparison of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines

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