War and Culture: The Iroquois Experience

Richter, Daniel K.

doi:10.2307/1921807

Cited by 116 publications

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“…Rappelons succinctement qu'à cette époque les Cinq Nations iroquoises mènent contre leurs voisins une guerre « de deuil » (selon l'expression de Daniel Richter) ou « de captation » (selon celle de Roland Viau), dont l'objectif est de renflouer le moral et les effectifs d'une population durement éprouvée par les épidémies venues d'Europe. Entre 1649 et 1650, une offensive iroquoise vient à bout des villages de la Huronie, entraînant la dispersion de ses habitants (Richter 1983 ;Viau 1997 ;Brandão 1997 ;Keener 1998 ;Trigger 1976 : 725-788). Alors que certains d'entre eux se retirent vers le lac supérieur, quelques centaines se réfugient plutôt dans la vallée du saint-Laurent, près des établissements français.…”

Section: Les Nouveaux Iroquoisunclassified

“…D'autres arrivent dans de pareilles circonstances mais sont épargnés et voués à un asservissement plus ou moins permanent. Les Français les décrivent comme « esclaves » ; les iroquois, comme katsenen ou haguetchênen, terme qu'ils utilisent aussi pour décrire les animaux domestiques et qui nie par conséquent la condition humaine de ces infortunés (Viau 1997 : 137-199 ;Richter 1983Richter et 1992Delâge 1991a : 60 ;starna et Watkins 1991).…”

Section: Les Nouveaux Iroquoisunclassified

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Les origines huronnes-wendates de Kanesatake

Lozier

2015

raq

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Cet article propose de jeter un nouvel éclairage sur l’histoire des collectivités « iroquoises » de la région de Montréal pendant la deuxième moitié du xviie siècle, et plus particulièrement sur celle de Kanesatake, en accentuant l’apport fondateur d’une population d’origine huronne-wendate. Des Hurons, rejoignant la vallée du Saint-Laurent après des décennies de résidence plus ou moins contrainte en Iroquoisie, jouent en effet un rôle de premier plan vers 1667 lors de l’établissement de Kentake (La Prairie, plus tard Kahnawake), puis, à la suite d’une rupture, de Kanesatake (La Montagne, devenue ensuite Sault-au-Récollet et Lac-des-Deux-Montagnes) en 1675. Bien que ces individus d’origine huronne aient été voués à l’assimilation iroquoise à moyenne et longue échéance, les archives recèlent quelques indices des identités et solidarités résiduelles qui ne s’estompent que graduellement. Vers 1740, une crise politique, dont l’explication nous invite à faire un détour par Détroit, vient rappeler ces origines huronnes de Kanesatake.By focusing on the foundational influence of a population of Huron-Wendat origin, the current article strives to shed new light on the history of the nominally Iroquois communities of the Montreal region during the second half of the 17th century, and more particularly on that of Kanesatake. Migrating to the St. Lawrence Valley after decades of more or less coerced residence in Iroquoia, many Hurons indeed played a key role in the establishment of Kentake (La Prairie, later Kahnawake) circa 1667 and, as a result of a falling-out, of Kanesatake (La Montagne, and eventually Lake of Two Mountains) in 1675. Although these individuals of Huron origin were fated to assimilate among the Iroquois in the medium and long term, the archives hint at the slow fading of residual identities and solidarities. A political crisis at Kanesatake c.1740, the untangling of which invite the historian’s detour via Detroit, bring these Huron origins back fully into view.Este artículo propone echar una nueva mirada a la historia de las colectividades “iroquesas” de la región de Montreal durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVII y particularmente a la de Kanesatake, acentuando el aporte fundador de una población de origen hurón-wendat. Hurones que llegaron al valle del Saint Laurent luego de décadas de una residencia más o menos involuntaria en la zonas iroquesas, juegan en efecto un rol de gran importancia hacia 1667, cuando se estableció Kentake (La Prairie, más tarde Kahnawake), y en 1675 —después de una ruptura— cuando se estableció Kanesatake (La Montagne, convertida luego en Sault-au-Récollet y en Lac-des-Deux-Montagnes). Aunque estas personas de origen hurón hayan sido dirigidas hacia una asimilación iroquesa a mediano y largo plazo, los archivos contienen algunos indicios de las identidades y solidaridades residuales que se atenúan solo gradualmente. Hacia 1740, una crisis política, cuya explicación nos invita a hacer un desvío por Detroit, nos recuerda estos orígenes hurón de Kanesatake

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Section: Les Nouveaux Iroquoisunclassified

Les origines huronnes-wendates de Kanesatake

Lozier

2015

raq

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“…The Haudenosaunees' precise strategy in the 1640s-50s is still debated (Abler 1992;Brandao 1997: 84-88;Stama 2003: 24-27), but included: raids on fur shipments to the French (Trelease 1962;Trigger 1971;1985;Richter 1983 ); conquests of new hunting territories in western New York, Ontario , Michigan, and the Ohio Valley (Brandao 1997;Stama and Brandao 2004); and conquests of other indigenous peoples for captives to replace population losses from both war and disease (Richter 1992;Schlesier 1976). As well, fur supply strategies apparently varied by nation: the Mohawks emphasized raiding and piracy, while the Senecas were territorially expansionist (Abler 1992: 158-59).…”

Section: Dutch Pgns With the Mahicans And Mohawks 1620s-1650smentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Transitions on a Contested Periphery: From Prestige Goods to Bulk Goods (or not) in Northeastern North America, 1600-1760

Leitner¹

2013

JWSR

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This paper examines the Euro-Indigenous fur trade in northeastern North America, following Carlson's use of Chase-Dunn and Hall's nested interaction networks to examine a similar trade during roughly the same time period on the continent's other side. These network interactions took place on what became a contested periphery, and they shaped the development of states and the modem world-system , with Europeans contending with each other and with Native Americans for political and economic control, and at times mere survival. European politicalmilitary networks were essential to maintaining colonies, and in contrast to what the general interaction networks model posits, these were made up of or at least coterminous with nested prestige goods networks. Europeans were initially dependent upon prestige goods networks with Native Americans; indeed , the French political military network in North America was arguably formed by ( or at least supported by) the various Franco-Indigenous prestige goods networks. The French, Dutch, and British all attempted to transition their colonial economies from the extractive economies and low settler population densities typically associated with prestige goods networks to the agricultural economies and higher settler population densities of bulk goods networks. The paper traces the attempted colonial interaction network transitions from contested peripheries within Euro-Indigenous prestige goods networks to settled colonies within bulk goods networks and firmly within a given core powers' imperial political military network. The success ( or failure) of these network transitions helped determine the Euroamerican colonies ' geopolitical futures in the world-economy, as well as those of their indigenous neighbors and their struggles for physical survival and political sovereignty.

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“…Thus, social offenses, feuds, and other kinds of disputes in indigenous societies are often affected by the proximity of state agents or agendas. Scholars of Native American societies, in particular, embrace this view (e.g., Richter 2000). The case of the Nuosu, or Lolo as they were known to ethnographers through fieldwork in the first half of the 20th century, is even more to the point.…”

Section: Mistaken Identity At the Edge Of Empirementioning

confidence: 99%

Provocative Behavior: Agency and Feuds in Southwest China

Hill

2004

American Anthropologist

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Enthusiasm for agency in accounting for assertive, provocative behavior may lead to complacent analyses, distracting us from the hard work of confronting anomalous behaviors that challenge received wisdom. Drawing on feud narratives extracted from life history interviews with the Nuosu, an ethnic group in China's southwest, my analysis looks beyond feuding to other institutions in “old” Nuosu society that enabled or fostered a high degree of individual autonomy, evidence for more fluid social relations and far less authoritarianism than the orthodox portrayals of the Nuosu in Chinese ethnology. The Nuosu case may enlighten our understanding of other feuding societies, where the obstreperous personalities attributed to individuals are too often disconnected from descriptions of the smooth unfolding of the feud as lineage solidarity and indigenous leadership come into play.

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War and Culture: The Iroquois Experience

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

Les origines huronnes-wendates de Kanesatake

Les origines huronnes-wendates de Kanesatake

Network Transitions on a Contested Periphery: From Prestige Goods to Bulk Goods (or not) in Northeastern North America, 1600-1760

Provocative Behavior: Agency and Feuds in Southwest China

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